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Transcript
Chapter 4 Ancient Egypt Lesson 1 Notes What is the Nile River? – It’s the longest river in the world (4132 miles) – It runs North from Lake Victoria to the Mediterranean Sea – Every year, in ancient times, it flooded and deposited fertile silt in the river valley – The river was very important to farmers because they needed it to irrigate their fields – Farmers dug canals and used a shadouf to water their crops What is a shadouf? Lesson 2 Notes Land of the Pharaohs – Pharaohs are the supreme rulers of Ancient Egypt – Menes was the first pharaoh ever He unified Upper and Lower Egypt in 3100 b.c. To show this, he began to wear the double crown Lower Double Upper Lesson 2 Notes Role of the Pharaoh –All of their actions shaped the fate of Egypt –The pharaoh was in charge of government, religion, and economy –Because the pharaoh was believed to be a god, all things belonged to them –The pharaoh gave land to government officials and traded food & clothing for objects people made Hieroglyphics What are hieroglyphics? – This system of writing was developed in Egypt to keep track of taxes – Scribes were the main writers and wrote important documents on a paper called papyrus – We were able to discover what the hieroglyphics meant when Champollion cracked the code of the Rosetta Stone Hieroglyphics Pyramids What is a pyramid? – Pyramids are large stone structures that serve as tombs for the pharaohs – The Great Pyramid was built for Khufu – The pyramid was the Old Kingdom’s most spectacular monument – Because so many pharaohs built pyramids, which was hard on the economy, Egypt was divided again – At the end of the Old Kingdom the capital of Egypt was moved from Memphis to Thebes Lesson 3 Notes Middle Kingdom – During this time period, the Egyptians had contact with other parts of the world – Also during this time, the Hyksos invaded and took over control of the delta region or Lower Egypt They introduced chariots and bronze weapons to the Egyptians – A pharaoh named Ahmose eventually defeated the Hyksos and unified Egypt again – This ended the Middle Kingdom and started the New Kingdom Lesson 3 Notes New Kingdom – During this time period, Egypt began to grow into an empire – The Egyptians took over land in Nubia and present day Israel – This resulted in more trade with other nations – Egypt’s only major female pharaoh, Hatshepsut, organized one of the biggest trade expeditions to a land called Punt – During this time period, the Egyptians made huge advances in medicine, math, and science Lesson 4 Notes Daily Life in Ancient Egypt – Society was broken into different classes – To show how society was broken down, we’ve created a diagram to show where people ranked called the Egyptian Social Pyramid Pharaoh Government Officials Soldiers Scribes Merchants Artisans Farmers Slaves Study Guide What to study? – – – – – The 5 major pharaohs and what they did The role of the pharaohs The importance of hieroglyphics What happened in each kingdom Understand the geography of Ancient Egypt - Upper and Lower Egypt - The Nile River - Where the best farming was located