Download What is in tobacco?

Tobacco
Making Safe, Drug-Free
Decisions
Lesson 2, Chapter 5
1
Motivation
• Using tobacco is not
a healthy choice.
• Today, you’ll learn
about tobacco’s
dangers and how
you can make the
choice to be tobacco
free for life.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
2
Lesson overview
• What is tobacco?
• What are the different types of tobacco
products?
• What is in tobacco?
• How does tobacco affect the user's
body?
• What does tobacco do to a person's
appearance?
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
3
Lesson overview (cont’d)
• Who buys tobacco?
• What are the short-term and long-term
effects of tobacco use?
• How expensive a habit is tobacco use?
• What is tobacco addiction?
• How many Americans do not smoke?
• What is withdrawal?
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
4
Lesson overview (cont’d)
• What does tobacco use cost society?
• Why do some teens start using
tobacco?
• How can you avoid becoming a tobacco
user?
• What strategies can you use to break
the tobacco habit?
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
5
Quick Write
Why do some teens
begin using tobacco?
List all the reasons
you can think of.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
6
What is tobacco?
•
•
•
•
Plant grown in warm, humid climates
Leaves dried, aged, mixed with chemicals
Products made for smoking and chewing
Contains powerful drug that makes user want
more
• Harmful to health
• Major cause of early and preventable death
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
7
What are the different types
of tobacco products?
• Types of tobacco products
• Cigarettes
• Cigars
• Pipes
• Smokeless tobacco
• Specialty cigarettes
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
8
What are the different types
of tobacco products?
(cont’d)
• Cigarettes
• Most common form of tobacco
• Smoked by millions of people
• Smokers at increased risk for certain diseases
• Cause more than 430,000 deaths in U.S. each
year
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
9
What are the different types
of tobacco products?
(cont’d)
• Cigars
• Contain same substances as cigarettes but in
larger quantities
• Cigar smokers have greater risk of
• Cancer of mouth, larynx, and esophagus
• Heart disease
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
10
What are the different types
of tobacco products?
(cont’d)
• Pipes
• Pipe smokers inhale less than cigarette
smokers.
• Pipe smokers still have increased health
risks.
• Cancers of lip, mouth, and throat are
common in pipe smokers.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
11
What are the different types
of tobacco products?
(cont’d)
• Smokeless tobacco
• Tobacco that is chewed or sniffed
• Not safer than inhaled tobacco products
• Poisonous substances absorbed through
mouth or nose
• Cancers of the mouth, esophagus, larynx,
stomach, and pancreas
• Stained teeth, tooth loss, gum disease
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
12
What are the different types
of tobacco products?
(cont’d)
• Specialty cigarettes
• Bidis
• Flavored, unfiltered cigarettes
• Some contain pure tobacco
• Clove cigarettes
• Made from tobacco and ground cloves
• More dangerous than regular cigarettes
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
13
What is in tobacco?
• Approximately 4,000 chemicals
• Over 200 chemicals dangerous to
humans, including
• Nicotine
• Tar
• Carbon monoxide
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
14
What is in tobacco? (cont’d)
• Nicotine
• This drug reaches the brain quickly and
creates feeling of stimulation.
• When chemicals have left the brain, user
begins to feel discomfort.
• Desire to avoid discomfort causes user to
crave more tobacco.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
15
What is in tobacco? (cont’d)
• Tar
• Enters lungs and leaves residue
• Destroys cilia and air sacs in lungs
• Can make breathing difficult
• Can cause emphysema, other lung diseases,
cancer
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
16
What is in tobacco? (cont’d)
• Carbon monoxide
• Passes through lungs into bloodstream
• Reduces amount of oxygen blood cells can
carry
• Weakens muscles and blood vessels
• May lead to heart attacks and stroke
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
17
How does tobacco affect
the user’s body?
• The chemicals in tobacco and tobacco
smoke
• Cause damage to most body systems
• Are particularly damaging to teens, who are
still growing
• Cause both short-term and long-term effects
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
18
What does tobacco do to a
person’s appearance?
• Lingering smell on hands, hair, breath,
clothing
• Stained teeth and fingers
• Older look because the skin wrinkles
• Cracked lips, inflamed gums, mouth sores
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
19
Who buys tobacco?
• Tobacco is big business in the U.S.
• Tobacco companies spend billions each year
selling tobacco products.
• Companies want to attract new users.
• Children and teens represent most profitable
market.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
20
What are the short-term and
long-term effects of tobacco
use?
• Nervous system
• Short-term effects
• Changes in brain chemistry
• Withdrawal symptoms
• Increased heart rate and blood pressure
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
21
What are the short-term and
long-term effects of tobacco
use? (cont’d)
• Nervous system
• Long-term effects
• Increased risk of stroke because of decreased
flow of oxygen to brain
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
22
What are the short-term and
long-term effects of tobacco
use? (cont’d)
• Circulatory system
• Short-term effects
• Increased heart rate
• Reduced energy because of less oxygen to body
tissues
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
23
What are the short-term and
long-term effects of tobacco
use? (cont’d)
• Circulatory system
• Long-term effects
• Weakened and narrowed blood vessels
• Increased cholesterol levels
• Clogged blood vessels due to fatty buildup
• Reduced oxygen flow to heart
• Greater risk of heart disease and stroke
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
24
What are the short-term and
long-term effects of tobacco
use? (cont’d)
• Respiratory system
• Short-term effects
• Bad breath
• Shortness of breath
• Reduced energy
• Coughing and more phlegm
• More frequent colds and flu
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
25
What are the short-term and
long-term effects of tobacco
use? (cont’d)
• Increase in allergies and asthma
• Increase in respiratory illnesses
• Respiratory system
• Long-term effects
• Increased risk of lung cancer and lung diseases
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
26
What are the short-term and
long-term effects of tobacco
use? (cont’d)
• Digestive system
• Short-term effects
• Upset stomach
• Bad breath
• Stained teeth
• Dulled taste buds
• Tooth decay
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
27
What are the short-term and
long-term effects of tobacco
use? (cont’d)
• Digestive system
• Long-term effects
• Cancer of mouth and throat
• Gum and tooth disease
• Stomach ulcers
• Bladder cancer
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
28
How expensive a habit is
tobacco use?
• People who use tobacco
• Frequently pay higher health insurance rates
• Generally have more doctor and dental bills
• Spend around $5.80 for each pack of
cigarettes
• Will spend over $2,109 each year on
cigarettes
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
29
What is tobacco addiction?
• Addiction—a physical or psychological
need for a drug
• Nicotine causes two types of addiction.
• Physical dependence
• Psychological dependence
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
30
How many Americans do not
smoke?
• Most adults and teens who smoke
would like to quit.
• 44 million Americans are now former
smokers.
• The number of Americans who don’t
smoke has been rising steadily.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
31
How many Americans do not
smoke? (cont’d)
120
Number
of
adults,
in
millions
100
80
60
Former Smoker
40
Never Smoked
20
0
9
9
9
8
8
7
7
7
8
5
2
8
3
9
4
0
Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Selected years
Source: Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention
32
What is withdrawal?
• Withdrawal
• Physical symptoms
•
•
•
•
•
•
Craving to use nicotine
Headaches
Shakiness
Fatigue
Increased appetite
Nausea
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
33
What is withdrawal? (cont’d)
• Psychological symptoms
•
•
•
•
Feeling irritable, anxious, nervous
Feeling anxious
Feeling nervous
Sadness
• Trouble thinking during the day and sleeping during
the night
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
34
What does tobacco use cost
society?
• Secondhand smoke
• Mainstream smoke—what a smoker inhales
and exhales
• Sidestream smoke—given off by the burning
end of a cigar, cigarette, or pipe
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
35
What does tobacco use cost
society? (cont’d)
• Nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke can
develop
• Respiratory illnesses
• Lung disease
• Heart disease
• Cancer
• Infants and young children have more colds, ear
infections, allergies, asthma
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
36
What does tobacco cost
society? (cont’d)
• Public health costs
• Costs of health insurance and medical care
increase for everyone.
• Costs to nation’s economy
• People miss work.
• Fewer goods or services are produced.
• Less money is made.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
37
What does tobacco cost
society? (cont’d)
• Pregnancy and tobacco
• Pregnant women who smoke risk low birth
weight babies and premature delivery.
• Nicotine and carbon monoxide keep
nutrients and oxygen from the fetus.
• SIDS is higher when parents smoke.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
38
Why do some teens start
using tobacco?
• Internal influences
• Stress
• Weight
• Image
• Independence
• Peer acceptance
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
39
Why do some teens start
using tobacco? (cont’d)
• External influences
• Imitate role model
• Peers
• Entertainment
• Advertising
• Family members and other adults
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
40
How can you avoid becoming
a tobacco user?
• Do not start using tobacco products.
• 90% of adult smokers began smoking
before the age of 21.
• Half became regular smokers by age 18.
• Avoiding tobacco in middle school or
high school will increase chances you
will never start.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
41
How can you avoid becoming
a tobacco user? (cont’d)
• Strategies to resist peer pressure to use
tobacco
• Choose friends who don’t use tobacco.
• Avoid situations where tobacco products may be
used.
• Use refusal skills.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
42
What strategies can you use
to break the tobacco habit?
•
•
•
•
Quit gradually
Quit cold turkey
Nicotine patch or nicotine gum
Local support groups and organized
programs
• Professional counselors
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
43
Lesson review
• Tobacco is a plant whose leaves are dried,
aged, mixed with chemicals, and then used to
make various products for smoking or
chewing.
• Tobacco products include cigarettes, cigars,
pipe tobacco, smokeless tobacco, and
specialty cigarettes such as bidis and clove
cigarettes.
• Substances in tobacco include nicotine, tar,
and carbon monoxide.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
44
Lesson review (cont’d)
• Nicotine is the addictive drug found in
tobacco leaves and in all tobacco products.
• Tobacco causes damage to most systems in a
user’s body.
• Tobacco can damage a user’s appearance,
causing things such as wrinkles, tooth and
mouth problems, and bad odor.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
45
Lesson review (cont’d)
• Many people use tobacco, but most U.S.
adults do not.
• The tobacco industry tries to attract young
people to replace users who have quit or died.
• Short-term effects of tobacco use include
increased heart rate and blood pressure,
reduced energy, respiratory problems, and
tooth decay.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
46
Lesson review (cont’d)
• Long-term effects of tobacco use include
weakened and clogged blood vessels as well
as greater risk of cancer, stroke, and heart
and lung diseases.
• Smokers may pay over $1,000 per year for a
pack-a-day habit. (The 2005 cost varied up to
$2,109 in the U.S.A.)
• Tobacco users generally have more medical
bills and higher health insurance rates.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
47
Lesson review (cont’d)
• Tobacco addiction is the physical or
psychological dependence on tobacco use.
• In 1998, nearly 150 million adults either had
never smoked or had quit smoking.
• Withdrawal from tobacco consists of the
symptoms that occur when someone stops
using it, including headaches, anxiety,
shakiness, and nausea.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
48
Lesson review (cont’d)
• Secondhand smoke is air that has been
contaminated by smoke.
• Nonsmokers can develop respiratory
illnesses, lung cancer, heart disease, and
cancer as a result of exposure to secondhand
smoke.
• Tobacco use inflicts heavy costs on both
smokers and nonsmokers; costs to the United
States as a whole approach $100 billion per
year.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
49
Lesson review (cont’d)
• Some teens may start tobacco use because of
internal issues, such as stress, weight
concerns, image, independence, and peer
acceptance.
• External influences that cause teens to start
smoking include their desire to imitate role
models who smoke, the influence of
advertising, and the example of their parents
and other adults using tobacco.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
50
Lesson review (cont’d)
• You can avoid starting tobacco use by
choosing nonsmoking friends, avoiding
situations where smoking is likely, and using
refusal skills.
• Strategies for quitting tobacco include going
cold turkey, using a nicotine patch or gum,
and joining support groups.
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
51
Summary
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
What is tobacco?
What are the different types of tobacco products?
What is in tobacco?
How does tobacco affect the user's body?
What does tobacco do to a person's appearance?
Who buys tobacco?
What are the short-term and long-term effects of
tobacco use?
Making Safe, Drug-Free
Decisions
Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
52
Summary (cont’d)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
How expensive a habit is tobacco use?
What is tobacco addiction?
How many Americans do not smoke?
What is withdrawal?
What does tobacco use cost society?
Why do some teens start using tobacco?
How can you avoid becoming a tobacco user?
What strategies can you use to break the tobacco
habit?
Making Safe, Drug-Free
Decisions
Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
53
Next
• Done— Tobacco
• Next— Alcohol
Making Safe, Drug-Free
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Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco
54