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Kingdom Fungi
What is a fungus?
- Multi-cellular organisms, (except yeast,
(single celled)
- Heterotrophs, decomposer
- Chitin cell wall
- Immobile
Fungus Structure
- hyphae- thread like filaments that grow out for
anchoring, feeding, or reproduction.
- some hyphae have dividers in them called septa
- Hyphae grow into a network of filaments called a
mycelium.
Fungus Feeding
- Feeding hyphae secrete digestive enzymes onto the
food source
- Once the food is broken down (decomposed) the
hyphae then absorb the food through diffusion
3 types of heterotrophs
saprophytes (decomposers), mutualist,
parasites
- Parasitic and Mutualistic fungi have
specialized hyphae called haustoria that
obtain nutrients from their host.
Fungus Reproduction
- fungi spend most of their lives haploid
- fragmentation- asexual- pieces of hyphae are broken
off redistributed and grow somewhere else. (like when
you dig).
Fungus Reproduction
• Budding – asexual – mitosis occurs, the new
cell pinches off from the parent
Fungus Reproduction
• Spores- asexual or sexual, specialized hyphae
grow into a spore producing structure called a
sporangium or fruiting body(visible part of the
fungus)
• Spore advantages- can lay dormant, large
numbers, easy to disperse,
-
Fungus Types: Mold
Multi-celled
no septa
decomposer, parasite
Sexual or asexual
Ex. Bread mold
Sac fungi
-
multi-celled (except yeast)
Have septa
decomposer
Asexual or sexual
yeast, cup fungi, truffles, mildew
spores called conidia.
Club fungi
-multi-cellular
-Have septa
-decomposer
-only sexually reproduction
- ex. mushrooms, puffballs, stink horns
Mutualistic Fungi
- Mycorrihiza- a fungus living with a plant root
- Lichens – a fungus and a green algae
- Several Ant species farm fungi.
Fungus Pros and Cons
Pros- (penicillin, foods, decomposition, pesticide,
alcohol)
Cons- parasitic (Athletes foot, jock itch, ring
worm, yeast infection)