Download Organic Molecules

December 9, 2016
Explain
how the
chemistry of acids and
bases differ from each
other.

Look over your notes for your quiz.
copyright cmassengale
1
Macromolecules
2
Organic Compounds
 Compounds
that contain CARBON
are called organic.
 Macromolecules
molecules.
are large organic
3
Macromolecules
Large organic molecules.
Also called POLYMERS.
Made up of smaller “building blocks”
called MONOMERS.
 Examples:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)



4
Dehydration Synthesis
Also called “condensation reaction”
 Forms polymers by combining
monomers by “removing water”.

HO
H
HO
H
H2O
HO
H
5
Hydrolysis
 Separates
water”
monomers by “adding
HO
H
H2O
HO
H
HO
H
6
Carbohydrates
7
Carbohydrates
 Small
sugar molecules to large
sugar molecules.
 Examples:
A. monosaccharide
B. disaccharide
C. polysaccharide
8
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide: one sugar unit
Examples:
glucose
glucose (C6H12O6)
deoxyribose
ribose
Fructose
Galactose
9
Carbohydrates
Disaccharide: two sugar unit
Examples:
◦ Sucrose (glucose+fructose)
◦ Lactose (glucose+galactose)
◦ Maltose (glucose+glucose)
glucose
glucose
10
Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide: many sugar units
Examples: starch (bread, potatoes)
glycogen (beef muscle)
cellulose (lettuce, corn)
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
cellulose
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
11
Lipids
12
Lipids



General term for compounds which are
not soluble in water.
Remember: “stores the most energy”
Examples: 1. Fats
2. Phospholipids
3. Oils
4. Waxes
5. Steroid hormones
13
Types of Lipids
Occurs in Nature
State
Healthy
Unsaturated Fats
Natural
Liquid
Good
Trans Fats
Hydrogen Added for
Shelf Life
Solid
Bad
Saturated Fats
Natural
Solid
Not so Good
14
Lipids
Functions of lipids:
1. Long term energy storage
2. Insulation
3. Protection against water loss
4. Hormones
5. Major component of membranes
15
Proteins
16
Proteins (Polypeptides)


Made up of amino acids
Six functions of proteins:
1. Storage
2. Transport
3. Regulatory
4. Movement
5. Structure
6. Enzymes
17
Nucleic Acids
18
Nucleic acids
Two types:
a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNAdouble helix)
b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single
strand)
 Nucleic acids are composed of long
chains of nucleotides linked by
dehydration synthesis.

19