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Medieval Church Religious and Secular Power The Medieval Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. Religious Power The Medieval Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. monasticism: St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. provided schools for the children of the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface] The Power of the Medieval Church bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. (Church and Political) the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. tried to curb feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat. curb heresies crusades; Inquisition tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. Peter’s Pence 1 penny per person [paid by the peasants]. The Medieval Catholic Church •- Life was harsh •- life span was short •- There was a good chance people would meet their maker sooner than later •- Sacraments- paved the way for salvation A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium A Medieval Monk’s Day Hierarchy of Church Pope Clergy Bishops Priests - Similar to Feudal Heirarchy Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service. Canon Law=Religious and Political • All Christians subject to church law • Marriage (Divorce), interpretation of scripture, science etc. Popes Main Threat= Excommunication Excommunication • Banishment from Church • Believed to be more than just a political slap on the wrist • It was believed an instant ticket to eternal damnation • This was one of the popes biggest power plays • No Salvation/ all king’s vassals were freed from their duties Excommunication- Don Swartzentruber INTERDICT • Sacraments and religious services could not be performed in the King’s lands • This would fire up all of the kings servant (they didn’t want to be doomed to hell) • Usually a king would relent and submit to Pope…….for now! ANGRY GOD CONCEPT Hieronymus Bosch’s depiction of hell CHURCH AND HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE • AFTER CHARLEMAGNE WAS CROWNED HRE in 800, clashes would continue over secular and religious rulers of the Western Christian world. CAUSES #1 • Otto I (Otto the Great) wanted to limit power of nobility (to make himself stronger) and form an alliance with the Church ACTIONS Otto invaded Italy on the Pope’s behalf Outcome #1 • Pope Crowns Otto emperor of a German Italian nation which would go on to become the Holy Roman Empire. • It was the strongest state in Europe until 1100. • Why is this important? – This is going to create dissent in Italy. Future Popes and Italian nobles won’t like to be ruled by Germans (NATIONALISM) – They will want power back// They’ll get it CAUSE #2 • POPE resents control emperors have over clergy (They are in some cases more loyal to their political lord than the pope) • LAY INVESTITURE- ceremony in which kings and nobles appointed church officials Actions #2 • Pope Gregory Bans lay investiture. • OUTCOME #2 – Henry IV calls a meeting of bishops and orders Gregory to step down from Papacy – Political vs. Religious struggle (Secular) Causes #3 • Gregory excommunicates Henry. Bishops and princes side with the Pope. Henry begs for the Popes Forgiveness when he travels to Canossa. PRIMARY SOURCE page 372 • There, having laid aside all the belongings of royalty, wretchedly, with bare feet and clad in wool, he continued for three days to stand before the gate of the castle. Nor did he desist from imploring with many tears the aid and consolation of the apostolic mercy until he had moved all of those who were present there. - POPE GREGORY Outcome #3 • Henry is forgiven, returns home, and punishes nobles. Why would he punish nobles? • He’s humiliated, he’s been betrayed by some who supported Pope. He punishes them. Causes #4 • Issue of lay investiture remains undecided. ACTIONS #4- Representatives of Church and emperor meet in Worms. Outcome #4 • Compromise is reached in which the emperor has veto power over appointment of bishops, but only the church can grant a the official title of bishop. • Why did people want these titles? Causes #5 • Frederick’s brutality angers Italian merchants and the Church. He constantly raided wealthy cities in Italy and caused merchants and Pope to unite in the Lombard League. • ACTIONS: Lombard league fights in the Battle of Legnano. • OUTCOME #5- League soldiers defeat Frederick’s feudal army; Frederick makes peace with the POPE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE • GERMANY WILL REMAIN SEPARATE despite attempts to unite the lands under one ruler. • Their system had German princes of different provinces (372) elect a king. This weakens royal authority. Class Review • #1) Describe the Church’s structure, power and influence • #2) List events in the power struggle between popes and German emperor’s • #3) Explain why Germany’s feudal states did not unify during the Middle Ages • HOMEWORK: PREPARE FOR TEST (374)