Download which drains urine into the ureter Parts of the Nephron

Organs of Excretion
Perspiration
1. Skin
2. Lungs
3. Liver
4. Large
intestines
5. Kidneys
CO2
Bile
Salts
Urine
Urinary System contains:
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Functional unit of the Kidney is the: Nephron
-- also called Renal Tubule
Nephron contains 2 parts:
Cortex
The area that stores
urine in the kidney is
the:
Nephron
Medulla
Renal
Pelvis
-- which drains urine
into the ureter
Parts of the Nephron:
Proximal
convoluted
tubule Glomerulus
Bowman's
Capsule
Cortex
Distal
convoluted
(these two tubule
structures
together is called the
Renal Corpuscle)
Loop of
Henle
Medulla
Collecting
Duct
Functions of the Kidneys
1. Excretes toxins & nitrogen wastes,
some drugs, & alcohol
2. Regulates levels of many chemicals in
the blood
3. Helps regulate the pH of body fluids
-- by excreting & retaining Hydrogen Ions
4. Maintains water balance (blood volume)
5. Regulates blood pressure via secretion of
Renin
6. Produces & releases the hormone
Erythropoietin
-- stimulates bone marrow to produce RBC's
Kidneys are located:
-- under the muscles of the back
-- behind the parietal peritoneum
(Retroperitoneal)
20% of the total blood pumped
by the heart enters the kidneys
each minute
-- this is understandable as the main
function of the kidneys is to remove
waste products from the blood
-- we need this high rate of blood flow & a normal
blood pressure in order to produce urine
Urine Formation
Filtration
Proximal
convoluted
tubule Glomerulus
Bowman's
Capsule
Cortex
Afferent
arteriole
Medulla
Tubular
Secretion
Distal
convoluted
tubule
Efferent
arteriole
Loop of
Henle
Collecting Reabsorption
Duct
PRODUCTION OF URINE
BLOOD
PATHWAY
GLOMERULAR EFFERENT PERITUBULAR
CAPILLARIES CAPILLARIES CAPILLARIES
GLOMERULAR
FILTRATION
FILTRATE
PATHWAY
TUBULAR
REABSORPTION
VENOUS
BLOOD
TUBULAR
SECRETIONS
BOWMAN’S PROXIMAL LOOP DISTAL COLLECTING
URINE
OF TUBULE
DUCT
CAPSULE
TUBULE
HENLE
FILTRATION starts in the BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
--Materials move from the blood into the nephron
--the amount of fluid & substances that is
filtered out is determined by BP (GFR)
REABSORPTION -- Moves materials
from the nephron
+
back into the blood (glucose, Na , A.A. , minerals, &
H2O)
SECRETION (EXCRETION) -- Moves materials from
the blood into the nephron (H20, H+, K+ Ammonia)
Hemodialysis
Clean blood to person
Heparin pump
Tubing
pump
Blood
To
leak
drain detector
From water
source
Bubble detector
Dialyzer
Blood
membrane
Dialysis fluid
Proportioning pump
Dialysis fluid concentrate
Quality control
temperature
conductivity
HYPOTHALAMUS --- THIRST CENTER
----POSTERIOR PITUITARY RELEASES ADH
----increases amount of water
reabsorbed from the kidneys &
placed back into the blood.
----ADRENAL CORTEX RELEASES ALDOSTERONE
----increases amount of NA+Cl- & H20
reabsorbed from the kidneys &
placed back into the blood.
ATRIUM OF THE HEART RELEASES ANH
(ATRIAL NATRIURETIC HORMONE)
----Has opposite effect of ALDOSTERONE
The Kidneys help the body maintain adequate BP for
the making of urine by releasing a enzyme called:
Renin
When BP drops to a dangerous level, Renin is
produced & released by the:
Efferent arteriole
Juxtaglomerulus
Apparatus
Afferent arteriole
-- are muscular tubes the transport urine from the
renal pelvis to the bladder
-- Urine is moved by: Peristalsis
-- lumen is about 1/5 inches & about 10 to 12
inches in length
Ureter
-- is a storage area for urine
-- holds about 600 cc
Bladder
-- contains rugae & stretch
receptors
-- infection of the bladder is called:
Cystitis
-- 2.5 to 4 cm long in women
Urethra
-- 15 to 20 cm long in men & is considered part of the
reproductive system as well as urinary
Characteristics of Normal Urine
Amount
1- 2 liters/24 hours
Color
Straw or amber (due to bile pigment)
Specific gravity 1.010 to 1.020
pH
Average 6; range 4.6 to 8.0
Composition
95% water; 5% salts & waste products
Nitrogenous
wastes
Ammonia – from A.A. metabolism
most is converted to Urea in the
liver
Creatinine – from muscle metabolism
Uric acid – from breakdown of
nucleic acids