Download FileSharing

Peer-to-Peer
Inside and out
Company
LOGO
What is a P2P network?
 All machines are connected as equal
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Each user is a Peer
Peers can act as both a server and a client
 What does this mean?

Each user can send and receive files from
other users
 To understand the importance, must look
at the other ways of transmitting data
The Old Days
 Server to Client

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Client requests
information from
server
All data must be on
server
Server uses all its
bandwidth to send
data
Must split up
bandwidth for many
users
Benefits of P2P
 Distributed

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Data can be distributed across the entire
network
Bandwidth is distributed across each machine
with the data
Search processing is distributed
 Redundancy within the network
Napster
 Clients registered with
central server

Useful if subscription
service is introduced
 Central server kept
search indexes
 Allowed users to
search from their
servers and download
the files from other
computers
Gnutella
 Originally developed at Nullsoft


Left as Open Source once project was
released to public, then abandoned
LimeWire emerged as a community leader
 Used by many clients
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Limewire – limewire.com
BearShare – bearshare.com
Shareaza – shareaza.com
Many more…
Gnutella
 No centralized server

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Only have to connect to anyone on the network to
become apart of it
Can’t be easily shutdown
 Each search query forwarded to nodes
connected to
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Searches may not go far
TTL value goes down quick
High bandwidth usage
 Each node is sending query
 UltraPeers and Leaf systems implemented to
counter scalability problems
Gnutella
Gnutella
Gnutella
FastTrack Protocol
 Used by Kazaa – kazaa.com

Formerly used by Morpheus
 Sharman networks shutdown Morpheus’ ability to
connected
 Users register to main server

Option for subscription still open
 Users then connect to SuperNodes
 Files are downloaded from other users
FastTrack Protocol
 What are SuperNodes?

SuperNodes are other users with high bandwidth and
processing abilities
 Requirements must be met to become a SuperNode

SuperNodes act as search indexes and network hub
 High Scalability

SuperNodes allows search queries to reach many
nodes on the network
 Goes farther with TTL value

Only sends query to nodes it believes has the result
FastTrack Protocol
FastTrack Protocol
FastTrack Protocol
Direct Connect
 Made by NeoModus – neo-modus.com
 Allows users to create their own P2P network
 Main server becomes SuperNode for hub

All computers connected to SuperNode share their
information
 Large scale possibilities

Can connect to multiple hubs
 Popular for small groups


College campuses
Company networks
Bit Torrent
 Created by Bram Cohen – bittorrent.com
 A download application that utilizes P2P
networking capabilities

Each user uploads and downloads at the same time
 How does it work?

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Seeder publishes .torrent file on the web
File contains tracker information for the download
Tracker tells client where to find other clients
Query other clients for pieces of file
Client downloads and uploads parts of file to each
other until everyone has it
Bit Torrent
 Why is it popular?

Easily accessible through web browser
 Suprnova.org
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Good for large files
 RedHat distributions
 Movies

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Everyone sharing a specific file
Higher standing for uploading
Emphasis on upload ratio

Keep the window open after finished!
Bit Torrent
Bit Torrent
Bit Torrent
Legalities
 Napster – In May, 1999, Shawn Fanning
released the Napster file sharing client.
 How did it end for Napster?

Record Industry Association of America sued Napster for
disseminating copyright material.
 What was Napster’s fatal flaw?

Napster maintained a database of all files available and
therefore was clearly party to this illegal copying.
Legalities
 New wave of P2P: KaZaA, BearShare,
LimeWire, and more.
 How did they get away with it?


Capitalized off Napster’s flaw
Gnutella Protocol – De-centralizes file sharing, now makes it
amongst users and has no central system.
 Why was it so successful against the RIAA?

The application was just the medium. It did not house
information of users and their files.
 RIAA last resort – Sue the users.
Legalities
 MP3’s

Copyrighted material (RIAA)
 Movies
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Copyrighted material (MPAA)
 Child Pornography

Illegal to posses (Obviously)
The Numbers
 Users sued by the RIAA: 5,550+ (As of Oct. 1)
 Cases Settled: 600
 How much they settle for: It Ranges

10 Coloradoans paid as much as $4,000 each

4 Students agreed to pay $12,000 to $17,500
 Has File-Sharing been curbed?


Slightly – Less Users.
More files are being moved.
The Numbers
 It takes 5,000 downloads to reduce sales
of an album
 This means only a decrease of 2 million in
sales; however, the RIAA claims over 139
million in decrease in sales.
 CD sales in 2004 are up 14% compared to
this time last year.
 MPAA enjoyed a $9.5 Billion year. It’s
second highest ever.
 DVD Sales have increased as well.
The Numbers
1998
1999
2000
2001
Total
13723.4
Dollars (in
millions)
14651
14404
13700
New
Releases
33100
38900
27000
27000
Dollars per
release
414,604
376,632
533,481
507,407
Tips and Tricks
STAY OUT OF TROUBLE, PUNK
Tips and Tricks
 Set-up Servers
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Boxden.com
Website offers links to other websites where
you can download free music
Pro: It’s free and the most popular music
Con: Only has Hip-Hop/R&B and music is
only available for a day.
Tips and Tricks
 Internet Relay Chat (IRC)

Download IRC client from www.mirc.com

Visit http://mp3.about.com/library/weekly/aa062600.htm
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Pros: Very reliable way of getting music. Also,
usually supplies the newest music.
Con: Can be confusing at first. Takes some
time to get use to and use.
Tips and Tricks
 AIM & Friends
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AIM allows you to send and get files between
AIM users.
You and your friends can set up your own
network of file sharing.
Pros: You’re getting free music and it is
completely safe from RIAA.
Cons: It takes some work on your part. You
must also supply music.
Tips and Tricks
 Movies
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Use Bit Tornado
Keep uploading after you’re done
Limit upload when you need to
Forward ports!
Avoid current movies on suprnova.org
 MPAA will come after you

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They’re nicer than the RIAA
Looks for private sites
Tips and Tricks
 Music

Use Kazaa Lite
 download.freeweb-hosting.com
 Kazaa has spyware
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Turn off sharing
Listen to old music
Download files which only 2 or 3 people have
Avoid files where more than 2 instances are
by the same person
Tips and Tricks
 Buy and rip them yourself
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Deepdiscountdvd.com
Deepdiscountcd.com
iTunes.com
Real.com
Napster.com
Internet Radio
 WPUB.org
Peer-to-Peer
The End
Questions, Comments, Observations?