Download Daylight Controls - University of Illinois Facilities and Services

ASHRAE/IES 90.1, The IECC, The Codes,
The Law…and then Reality
Robert Halverson, PE, LEED AP
Director of Engineering Design, F&S, University of Illinois
Carla R. Bukalski, PE, LC, LEED AP
Specification Regional Sales Manager, Eaton Lighting Solutions
Learning Objectives
• Understand requirements of today’s energy
codes
• Recognize the differences between ASHRAE
90.1 and IECC,
• Learn how to effectively evaluate current
technologies to maximize energy efficiency in
lighting and HVAC
• Understand good controls design practices for
cost effective implementation in institutions
• Identify potential consequences of
implementation.
Agenda of This Session
• Learn the technical, but think the
implementation.
• First Costs
• Operational Concerns
• Maintenance Needs
• Set stage and the vernacular for
the Round-table to follow.
Complexity of Implementation
• Stakeholders
• Impact of Design Decisions
• Scope of Applicability
• Intentionality
• Unintended Consequences
How are energy codes affecting
energy use in buildings?
2010
2013
Efficiency progress of individual building components since 1975
Market transformation
Lighting example
50% energy is light
2007+
10% energy is light
1900’s
30% energy is light
1940’s
$
$$
$$$
What drives the installation of energy efficient lighting that costs more?
Market transformation
Lighting controls example
Manual / mechanical
1980’s
$
Sensor / relay
2000’s
$$
Integrated
2015+
$$$
Why would a building owner use sensors that require commissioning / maintenance?
Standards are transitioning
• Targeting Demand(kW)
• Focus on LPD
Targeting kWh
Focus on controls
• Focus on controls really began in the
standards at the beginning of this decade
• Adoption in the last year +
Codes are recognizing the opportunity to use natural light and vacancy
“The most efficient light????.... Off!”
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1
Standard developed by three organizations
• Most current version 2013
(2016 coming soon!)
• Many states have adopted 2010
(or equivalent)
• 3 year publication cycle with continuous
maintenance
• 2016 will be available electronically on
October 20, 2016
IECC
International Energy Conservation Code
• Many states have adopted 2012 version
• 2015 was published September 2014
• Has been adopted by Illinois, Maryland, and a
handful of other states
• ASHRAE 90.1 is an alternate
compliance path
2012 adds “conservation of energy over the
useful life of the building” to the intent of the
IECC – going beyond just the “effective use of
energy”
ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013:
Section 8 – Power: Receptacle Control
• Requires that 50% of receptacles in a space have
automatic shutoff control
• At least 25% of branch circuit feeders installed for
modular furniture not shown on the construction
documents
• Requires automatic control using:
• Time-of-day schedule
• Occupancy sensor or
• Other automatic control based on occupancy
• Exceptions:
• Spaces where automatic shutoff would
be a safety/security issue
• Spaces where all loads require 24 hour
operation
Alterations Requirements
• ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013
• Both interior and exterior alterations must comply with
Power Density Limits and controls requirements
• Includes retrofits where luminaires are added, replaced or
removed
• Also includes lamp plus ballast retrofits
• Alterations of less than 10% of a space’s connected lighting
load are exempted
• Alterations do NOT include routine maintenance or repairs
• IECC – 2015
• Alterations that replace less than 50% of the luminaires
in a space, provided these alterations do not increase
the installed interior lighting power, are exempt
• For new lighting systems, alterations that replace less
than 10% of the luminaires are exempt
Compliance Path / Calculation Methods
• Building Area
• Space-by-Space
• Much simpler method
• More flexibility
• Determine gross lighted
floor area for each area
type
• Each ‘space’ must be
enclosed (partitions 80%
of height), and can be
broken into smaller pieces
• Multiply by appropriate
LPD
• Interior LPD= Sum of
LPDs for various areas of
the building
• Trade-offs among areas
permitted
• Area calculated to the
centerline of the wall
(interior) or outside surface
(exterior), Include
balconies and projections
• Allows for additional
interior lighting power and
RCR correction (ASHRAE)
ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013:
Room Geometry Adjustment
Room Cavity Ratio Adjustment for unusual spaces
• Added in 2010
• Used only with the space-by-space method
• Calculate Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) for room
• If greater than listed RCR threshold type, a 20% increase in
LPD for that space is allowed
• For corridor/transition spaces, the increase is allowed for
spaces with widths less than 8 feet, regardless of RCR
ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013:
Room Geometry Adjustment
RCR = 2.5 x Room Cavity Height x Room Perimeter Length / Room Area
ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013:
LPD table – more about this later
Daylight Control
• Building Envelope section contains minimum
requirements for both Skylight and vertical
fenestration
• Require automatic daylight responsive controls within primary
daylighted areas
• Required documentation of luminaires within daylight areas
Documentation Requirements
• IECC – 2015 (408.3.2)
• The construction documents shall specify that documents certifying
that installed lighting controls meet documented performance criteria
of Section C405 are to be provided to the building owner within 90
days from the date of the receipt of the certificate of occupancy
• ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013 (Daylighting)
• The design documents shall identify all luminaires for general lighting
that are located within daylight areas under skylights, daylight areas
under roof monitors as well as primary sidelighted areas and
secondary sidelighted areas
Lighting Control for Toplighting
• Requires control of electric lighting when toplighting daylight is
available
•
•
•
Spaces with more than 150W of general lighting within a toplight daylight zone
Control is required within each daylight zone for the general lighting in the zone
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013
• Control must be multi-level photocontrol
• At least two output levels at 20% - 40% and 50% - 70%
OR
• Continuous dimming
•
IECC – 2015
• Daylight responsive controls shall be capable of a complete shutoff of all
controlled lights
• Lights must dim continuously from full light output to 15%
• Offices, classrooms, laboratories and library reading rooms
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013:
“Daylight Area Under Skylights”
Side View
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013:
“Daylight Area Under Skylights”
Top View
IECC - 2015:
Toplight Daylight Zone
Lighting Control for Sidelighting
• Requires control of electric lighting when sidelighting daylight is
available
•
•
•
Spaces with a total of more than 150W of general lighting within a sidelight daylight zone
Control is required within each daylight zone for the general lighting in the zone
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013
• Control is also required in any space where the combined input power in
primary and secondary sidelighted areas is 300W or greater
•
At least two output levels at 20% - 40% and 50% - 70%
OR
•
•
Continuous dimming
IECC – 2015
• Lights in sidelight daylight zones facing different cardinal orientations
shall be controlled independently
•
•
•
Exception – Lighting up to 150W in different cardinal orientations may be controlled together
Daylight responsive controls shall be capable of a complete shutoff of all
controlled lights
Lights must dim continuously from full light output to 15%
•
Offices, classrooms, laboratories and library reading rooms
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013:
“Primary & Secondary Sidelighted Areas”
Side View
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013:
“Primary & Secondary Sidelighted Areas”
Top View
IECC - 2015:
Sidelight Daylight Zone
ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013:
9.4 Mandatory Provisions
• Table 9.6.1 (LPD table) now calls out
minimum control requirements by room
type and size
ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013:
Interior Lighting Controls
• Table 9.6.1, LPD Table with controls requirements
• More detailed space type breakdowns
• For each space type, all lighting control functions
indicated shall be implemented.
• “REQ” within a control type column signifies mandatory
requirement
• “ADD1” within a column – at least one of these functions
shall be implemented
• “ADD2” within a column – at least one of these functions
shall also be implemented
• For space types not listed, select a reasonably equivalent
type.
• If using the Space-by-Space Method, the same space type
must be used to determine both the control requirements
and the LPD.
ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013:
LPD Table
**7 pages!!
ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013:
LPD Table example
*Example for Atrium space
Classroom Controls: Best Practices
How did it get so complicated?
General Ltg 1
General Ltg 2
White Board
Emergency Relay
Daylight 1
Daylight 2
Dimming zone 3
ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013:
Stairwell Control
• Local Control
• Bi-Level Lighting Control
• Automatic Daylighting Control Sidelighting (as applicable)
• Automatic Daylighting Control Toplighting (as applicable)
• Automatic Partial OFF (after 20 minutes)
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013:
Parking Garage Control
• Parking garage lighting must be automatically
controlled including daylighting
• Reduce lighting power by 30% or more when no occupancy
detected in a lighting zone (<3,600 sf) for 20 mins.
• Daylighting transition zone lighting (66’ wide by 50’) must be
separately controlled for eye adaptation (auto ON at daylight,
50% reduction from sunset to sunrise)
• Daylight control required for lights within 20’ of perimeter wall
with net opening to wall ratio of 40%
• Exceptions apply
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013:
Parking Garage Control
Exterior Lighting Control
•
Requires specific daylight and building operation lighting controls for
exterior
•
Lighting must be automatically turned off during daylight
• ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013
•
•
Building façade/landscape lighting must be off from latest of midnight or 1
hour after closing to earliest of 6am or opening
Other lighting including advertising signage, shall be automatically reduced by
at least 30% either after-hours OR when area is unoccupied for 15 mins.
• IECC – 2015
•
Reduce connected lighting power by at least 30% from not later than midnight
to 6am, or one hour after business closing to one hour prior to opening when
no activity is detected for longer than 15 minutes
• Exceptions include:
• Directional and Marker lighting
• Advertising or directional
signage
• Theatrical purposes
• Lighting for public
monuments and historic
landmarks
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013 & IECC-2015:
Exterior Lighting Zones
• The existing set of exterior power limits is zone based
• The expansion follows the IES development work on Model Lighting
Ordinance (MLO)
Exterior Power Allowance (partial list)
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013 & IECC – 2015
Benefits of control systems –
beyond energy savings
ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013:
Additional Power Allowances
• If all mandatory control requirements are met AND
advanced controls are installed (as identified in table
9.6.3), THEN additional limited lighting power is allowed
• Provided all mandatory controls are used
• Additional power can be used anywhere in the building
• Additional Interior Lighting Power is calculated as:
Total Lighting Power Under Control x Control Factor
Example:
40,000kW of classroom space with programmable multi-level dimming
40,000 x .10 = 4000 additional watts
ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013:
Control Factors for Advanced Controls
IECC - 2015:
Additional Efficiency Package Options (406)
• Building shall comply with at least one of the following:
• More efficient HVAC performance
• Reduced lighting power density
• Use 90% of the lighting power values specified in table C405.4.2(1)
• Enhanced lighting controls
• Luminaires capable of continuous dimming
• Individually addressable luminaires
• Not more than eight luminaires in a single daylight zone
• Digital control system
• Sequence of operation included in construction documents
• Functional testing
• On-site renewable energy
• Dedicated outdoor air system for certain HVAC equipment
• High-efficiency service water heating
ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013:
Functional Testing of Controls
• Functional testing (calibrated, adjusted, programmed) for
lighting controls
• Occupant Sensors - Certify location and aiming, testing for each unique
combination of senor type and space
• Automatic Time Switches – Confirm and document programming,
verify time/date/battery back-up, simulation of occupied and unoccupied
conditions
• Daylight Controls – Confirm location, calibration, set-points and
threshold light levels; lighting adjusts appropriately in response to
available daylight
• ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013
• Must be performed by individuals NOT involved in design,
manufacture, or installation
• IECC – 2015
• The registered design professional shall provide evidence that
the lighting control systems have been tested to ensure
calibration and performance in accordance with the construction
documents
HVAC Controls Integration
• Occupancy Sensors – 2 or 1?
• Division of Labor and Responsibilities.
• Troubleshooting
• Integration
• Electrical Division take lead, with relay to HVAC?
• Manual on?
• Occupant Training and Acceptance
• Vacancy Sensor vs Occupancy Sensor
• Occupied Mode for HVAC, but lights off for Occupant as choice
Energy Code Adoption Map (last updated 8/10/2016)
Future Standards
• Existing integration process of the IgCC and
ASHRAE 189.1.
• It appears, once this is finalized, there will
likely be a similar effort with the IECC and
90.1.
• This integration means 189.1/90.1 will become
the technical section of the IgCC/IECC,
therefore, the lighting requirements will follow
that of ASHRAE/IES 189.1 and 90.1.
Enforcement / Compliance
• Who is your AHJ?
• What are you doing?
• New Construction
• Major Renovation
• Minor Renovation
• Who is designing the systems?
• PSC’s – How do you integrate across disciplines?
• In-House Design Groups – adherence?
• Maintenance
• Accuracy of Life Cycle Costs
• Energy Savings vs. operational costs
Is a Revolution in order?
• Standards development needs participation of
folks like us!
• Those that must implement and maintain.
• Shed some light on What Is the right thing to do
• Work towards solutions that protect the
licenses of those who must design it and
follow the law?
• How do we ensure we are Stewarding our
Resources in the right manner?
Round Table Topics
• Who is enforcing all of this?
• 50% Outlet Control – best practices
• How much more does it all cost?
• Documentation best practices
• Who gets to choose IECC vs ASHRAE
Join us for the Round Table Discussion !!
Round Table
• Who is enforcing all of this?
• 50% Outlet Control – best practices
• How much more does it all cost?
• Documentation best practices
• Who gets to choose IECC vs ASHRAE