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IL-21 in the bone marrow microenvironment contributes to IgM secretion and proliferation of malignant cells in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia by Lucy S. Hodge, Steve C. Ziesmer, Zhi Zhang Yang, Frank J. Secreto, Morie A. Gertz, Anne J. Novak, and Stephen M. Ansell Blood Volume 120(18):3774-3782 November 1, 2012 ©2012 by American Society of Hematology IL-21, IL-21R, and common γ chain receptor expression on WM cells. Lucy S. Hodge et al. Blood 2012;120:3774-3782 ©2012 by American Society of Hematology IL-21 in the WM bone marrow microenvironment is derived from activated T cells. Lucy S. Hodge et al. Blood 2012;120:3774-3782 ©2012 by American Society of Hematology Biologic effects of IL-21 on the WM cell line, MWCL-1. Lucy S. Hodge et al. Blood 2012;120:3774-3782 ©2012 by American Society of Hematology Biologic effects of IL-21 on CD19+CD138+ cells obtained from patients with WM (n = 5, WM14, WM15, WM25-WM27). Lucy S. Hodge et al. Blood 2012;120:3774-3782 ©2012 by American Society of Hematology IL-21 mediates its biologic effects through activation of STAT3. Lucy S. Hodge et al. Blood 2012;120:3774-3782 ©2012 by American Society of Hematology IL-21 regulates gene and protein expression in WM. (A) qRT-PCR analysis of transcription factors involved in B-cell differentiation. Lucy S. Hodge et al. Blood 2012;120:3774-3782 ©2012 by American Society of Hematology