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Organic Chemistry
• 3 suffixes indicate the type of carbon-tocarbon bonds in the molecule.
• ane = single bonds
• ene = double bonds
• yne = triple bonds
• Examples:
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-C‒C-C=C-C≡C-
Ethane: H3C‒CH3
Ethene: H2C=CH2 (colloquially called “ethylene”)
Ethyne: H-C≡C-H (colloquially called “acetylene”)
Prefix indicates number of carbons
– meth = 1
– eth = 2
– prop = 3
– but = 4
– pent = 5
– hex = 6
– hep = 7
– oct = 8
– non = 9
– dec = 10
Organic Molecules: Examples
Methane: CH4 One carbon, single bonds
Propene: H2C=CH- CH3 Three carbons, a double bond
Butyne: H3C-C≡C-CH3 Four carbons, a triple bond
Types of Organic Compounds
Other common organic families:
• Cyclic molecules:
– cycloalkanes
– cycloalkenes
– cycloalkynes
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Alcohols: Have hydroxyl (–OH) group substitution; ending “ol”.
Amines: Have amino (-NH2) group substitution; ending “amine”.
Thiols: Have (-SH) group substitution; ending “thiol”.
Ethers: A carbon atom is substituted by an oxygen atom; ending
“ether”.
Examples:
Propanol
Butyl amine
Ethanethiol
Butanal
Pentanoic Acid
Methyl ethyl ether*
Pentyl acetate
Ethyl propyl ketone*
* Not the formal name