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Unit 1: Navigation
What is Navigation?
• Navigation is the process of
monitoring and controlling the
movement of a craft or vehicle from
one place to another
• It involves:
– Gathering information from sources
– Evaluating the information
– Making decisions based on the
information
• Navigation techniques vary with the
type of vessel, conditions and the
navigators experience
• Navigation is both a science and an
art that takes knowledge, skill and
practice
Types of Navigation
There are 6 main types of navigation:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Dead Reckoning
Piloting
Celestial Navigation
Radio Navigation
Radar Navigation
Satellite Navigation
1. Dead Reckoning (DR)
• the process of estimating your
position by advancing a known
position using course, speed, time
and distance to be traveled.
In other words figuring
out where you will be at a
certain time if you hold
the speed, time and
course you plan to travel.
2. Piloting
• Piloting involves navigating in
restricted waters with frequent
determination of position relative to
geographic and hydrographic
features.
– This method is used when in sight of
land
3. Celestial Navigation
• uses "sights," or angular
measurements taken between a
celestial body (the sun, the moon, a
planet or a star) and the visible
horizon to locate one's position on the
globe, on land as well as at sea.
4. Radio Navigation
• uses radio frequencies to determine
position on Earth.
• The basic principles are measurements
from/to electric beacons, especially:
– Directions
– Distances
– Velocity (partly)
5. Radar Navigation
• Uses a radar to determine the
distance from or, bearing of,
objects whose position is known.
6. Satellite Navigation
• Uses artificial earth satellite
systems, such as GPS, to
determine position.
MAPS & CHARTS
Map
• A map is a visual representation of
an area
• It represents selected features of
the Earth's surface, drawn to scale.
Maps Include
• The graphic representations on
maps may consist of:
– Lines and symbols of various colors
– Drawings of landforms
– Photographs with the additions of
lines and colors to emphasize features
• Maps show land areas, political
subdivisions, and topography.
Scale
• Many, but not all, maps are drawn
to a scale, expressed as a ratio such
as 1:10,000
• This means that 1 of any unit of
measurement on the map
corresponds to 10,000 of that same
unit on the ground.
Political vs Physical Maps
• Most maps of the world or large
areas are either political or physical
• Political maps show territorial
borders
• Physical maps show features of
geography such as mountains, soil
type or land use
Political Map of Canada
Physical Map of Canada
Charts
• A chart is a special-purpose map,
generally designed for a form of
navigation, such as sea navigation.
• A nautical chart is a graphic
representation of a sea area and
adjacent coastal regions.
• Depending on the scale of the
chart, it may show:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Depths of the water
Heights of land
Natural features of the seabed
Details of coastline
Navigational hazards
Locations of natural and man-made
navigational aids