Download Lipids - Issaquah Connect

Lipids
A Type of Organic Molecule
-Fats, Oils, Waxes and
Steroids
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Lipids
 Not soluble in H2O but are soluble in oils.
 More energy in lipids than in carbohydrates
 Made up of C, H, O but very little O
23_541
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Triglyceride: Fats
1 glycerol + 3 Fatty acids
glycerol and fatty acids (hydrocarbon chains)
hooked together by dehydration synthesis
(condensation rxn)
Glycerol
Hydrocarbon chain (non polar)
http://www2.nl.edu/jste/lipids.htm
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When drawing hydrocarbons it is often easier and
quicker to draw a kinked line where each kink
represents a carbon.
The angled appearance of the bonds is also a
better representation of its actual structure.
C
C
C
C
C
C
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Phospholipid
Same structure as triglyceride but with 1 phosphate
group
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2 types of fat on
hydrocarbon tail
Saturated
Unsaturated fats
A butter sculpture from the North
Carolina state fair
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Saturated Fats:
 Has as many H’s as you can get
 Solid at room temperature b/c carbon
chains are straight and “stack” up flat
 Made by animals
Examples include:
 Fat
 Lard
 Butter
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Triglyceride: Fats
m.p. 70ºC
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More butter sculpture…
Yes, this is made
of butter.
It’s called “Deep in
the heart of
Texas”
A fine use of
saturated fat.
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Unsaturated Fats:
 Has double bonds, less H’s
 Made by plants
 Oil (liquid) at room temperature
m.p. 16ºC
m.p. -5ºC
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I. Triglycerides and Fatty Acids
fatty acids:
•most have even numbered chains, between 12 and 20 carbons
•cis isomer predominates in unsaturated fatty acids
•more unsaturation  lower melting point
O
OH
stearic acid (18:0)
m.p. 70ºC
OH
oleic acid (9-18:1)
an -9 fatty acid
m.p. 16ºC
O
O
OH
linoleic acid (9,12-18:2)
an -6 fatty acid
m.p. -5ºC
OH
linolenic acid (9,12,15-18:3)
an -3 fatty acid
m.p. -11ºC
O
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Steroids
Consist of four interconnected rings of carbon
 Cholesterol (type of steroid)
 Hormones (type of steroid)
 Testosterone
 Estrogen
 Progesterone
CH3
C
A
H
CH3
D
B
H
H
H
12
OH
O
O
androgens (male sex hormones)
•produced in the testes
•responsible for development of
male sex characteristics
HO
testosterone
androsterone
O
O
estrogens (female sex hormones)
•produced in the ovaries
•responsible for development of
female sex characteristics
HO
O
estrone
progesterone
HO
O
HO
O
HO
OH
OH
O
O
cortisone
O
cortisol
cortisone hormones
•produced in the adrenal cortex
•regulate metabolism of
carbohydrates, decrease
inflammation, involved in
reaction to stress
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