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Proteins
Function
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Build and repair
body tissue
Fight diseases
(antibodies)
Send messages
(hormones)
Control reactions
(enzymes)
Maintain
homeostasis =
regulate the body
Proteins
Important
Atoms
Shape Matters!!
C, H, O and
N
Test
Biuret’s Test
Pictures
Subunits
Amino Acids
What is the Function?
1. Build and repair body tissue
2. Fight diseases (antibodies)
3. Send messages (hormones)
4. Control reactions (enzymes)
5. Maintain homeostasis = regulate the body
What are the subunits?
 Amino Acids
What are the Atoms?
 C, H, O and N
What does it look like?
 Proteins look like a twisted up ball of yarn
 Each amino acid connect together with a peptide
bond and coil up
What is the structure of a protein?
 Proteins have a 3-D shape
Why are they important?
 Shape Matters!!
 Each protein has a perfect match and unlocks a
reaction based on its shape
 Like a lock-and-key
What does Denatured mean?
 Denatured is when the shape of the protein changes
 It can no longer do its job because it is no longer a
perfect match
What does Enzyme mean?
 Enzymes are special proteins that speed up chemical
reactions in the body.
What is the test?
 Biuret’s Solution
Protein Examples
 Enzymes: speed up reactions
 Hemoglobin: carries oxygen
 Insulin: controls blood sugar levels
 Antibodies: fights off invaders
 Hormones: send messages in the body
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
Function
1. Control genetic
information
2. Make proteins
to make traits
Important
Atoms
Found in the nucleus
C, H, O, N,
and P
(Phosphorus)
Examples: RNA and
DNA
Subunits
Nucleotides (1
sugar, 1 phosphate
and 1 nitrogen
base)
Test
Pictures
No test
Found in ALL living
things
What is the function?
1. Control genetic information
2. Make proteins to make traits
What are the atoms?
 C, H, O, N, and P (Phosphorus)
What are examples?
 ATP = Energy currency
 DNA = Genetic Information Storage
 RNA = Helps build proteins
What are the subunits?
 Nucleotides
 Made of: 1 sugar, 1 phosphate and 1 nitrogen base
What are the 5 Nitrogen Bases?
 A (Adenine), T (Thymine), G (Guanine), C
(Cytosine), U (Uracil)
What is the structure of a Nucleic Acid?
 Double Helix
 Sugar and Phosphate backbone
 Nitrogen bases make up the middle steps
 Looks like a twisted ladder or spiral staircase
What are the Monomers & Polymers?
 Monomer: Nucleotides
 Polymers: DNA, RNA, ATP
DNA vs. RNA
DNA
RNA
Double Helix (2 strands)
Single Helix (1 strand)
A, T, G, C
A, U, G, C
Deoxyribose sugar
Ribose sugar
Stores genetic information
Delivers genetic message to make
proteins
Nucleic Acids
 Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
sulfur
 Function  control genetic information
 Monomer  nucleotides
 Polymers


DNA  deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA  ribonucleic acid