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Chapter 14 Tobacco Content Vocabulary tars cilia carcinogens bronchitis emphysema chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) bronchi carbon monoxide mucus sinuses Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 1 Chapter 14 Tobacco • When burned, any substance will release chemicals that aren’t present in the original raw material. • The damage caused by smoking is primarily from the burning ingredients of cigarettes. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 2 Chapter 14 Tobacco What’s In a Cigarette? Smoking releases harmful chemicals that are inhaled by smokers and others. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 3 Chapter 14 Tobacco What’s In a Cigarette? • Tars are the most harmful chemicals in tobacco. tars Chemicals present in tobacco Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 4 Chapter 14 Tobacco What’s In a Cigarette? • Carcinogens are known to cause most cases of lung cancer and cancers of other organs. carcinogens Cancer-causing agents Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 5 Chapter 14 Tobacco What’s In a Cigarette? • Tars are also the principal cause of emphysema. emphysema A disease of the lungs in which many small, flexible air sacs burst and form a few large, rigid air pockets Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 6 Chapter 14 Tobacco What’s In a Cigarette? • Over 4,000 hazardous compounds make their way into the lungs of smokers and into the air that everyone breathes. • Those who smoke 20–60 cigarettes per day collect ¼ to 1½ pounds of tar in their lungs each year. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 7 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs Smoking cigarettes is linked with health hazards including bronchitis, emphysema, and cancers. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 8 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs • The lungs receive blood pumped from the heart and add oxygen to it. • The blood is then returned to the heart to be pumped to all the body’s cells. • The lungs provide oxygen to the cells so they can stay alive. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 9 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs Healthy Lungs • The lungs are rich with blood vessels and fill the chest. • The lungs draw air in, soak up oxygen, and squeeze out carbon dioxide. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 10 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs Healthy Lungs • Bronchi are the branches of the trachea that bring air into the lungs. bronchi The two main airways in the lungs Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 11 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs Healthy Lungs • Healthy bronchi are coated with mucus. mucus A slippery secretion produced by cells of the body’s linings that protects the surfaces of the linings Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 12 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs Healthy Lungs • Cilia line the passageways of the trachea and upper lungs. cilia Hair-like structures extending from the surface of cells Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 13 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs Healthy Lungs • Cilia propel a coating of mucus along to sweep away debris. • The mucus catches dirt and bacteria that would otherwise lodge in the lungs. • The cilia sweep the mucus in a constant stream all the way up to the throat. • Clearing the throat removes mucus and debris. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 14 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs Smoke Damage to Lungs • The tars in cigarettes smoke make mucus abnormally thick, slowing the action of the cilia. • Irritation builds, but is temporarily relieved by additional smoking which paralyzes the cilia and numbs the throat. • The need to cough feels like the need to smoke. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 15 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs Bronchitis and Emphysema • Bronchitis is an infection of the bronchi, which become clogged with heavy mucus. bronchitis A respiratory disorder with irritation of the bronchi; thickened mucus; and deep, harsh coughing Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 16 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs Bronchitis and Emphysema • Smoking can lead to chronic lung diseases. • Bronchitis, a deep, harsh coughing and wheezing, may be common among smokers. • Emphysema impacts residents in areas with high levels of air pollution or those who work in coal mines and smoky factories. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 17 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs Bronchitis and Emphysema • In normal lungs, tiny sacs at the ends of passageways allow the release of carbon dioxide. • With emphysema, the walls between the air sacs break down and the sacs balloon out. • The pockets still draw the air in, but as the lung deflates, the stiff tissue around the airways prevents air from escaping, causing lung damage. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 18 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs Bronchitis and Emphysema • • Death from emphysema results from slow suffocation or heart failure. Bronchitis, emphysema, and a few other diseases of the lungs are often termed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease A term for several diseases that interfere with breathing Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 19 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs Bronchitis and Emphysema • Smoking-related COPD kills about 57,000 people a year in the United States alone. • The surgeon general concludes that “the contribution of cigarette smoking to COPD deaths far outweighs other factors”. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 20 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs Cancer • Carcinogens in cigarette smoke can cause lung cancer, as well as cancer of the nose, lips, mouth, tongue, throat, and esophagus. • Smokers also have higher rates of bladder, pancreas, and kidney cancers. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 21 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Lungs Cancer • The risk of developing many types of cancer increases sharply amongst those who smoke and drink alcohol. • Exposure to the insulating material known as asbestos, combined with smoking, can also cause cancer. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 22 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Heart and Cardiovascular System Smoking places an additional burden on the heart and cardiovascular system. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 23 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Heart and Cardiovascular System • When carbon monoxide is inhaled, it reduces the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen. carbon monoxide A deadly gas, formed during the burning of tobacco Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 24 Chapter 14 Tobacco The Heart and Cardiovascular System Smoking burdens the heart in the following ways: • Nicotine speeds up the heart rate and blood pressure, which increases the heart’s workload. • Smoking reduces the amount of oxygen that blood can carry. • Nicotine triggers blood clot formation, which can lead to heart attack or stroke. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 25 Chapter 14 Tobacco Other Effects of Tobacco Tobacco use is the single greatest cause of preventable death in the United States today. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 26 Chapter 14 Tobacco Other Effects of Tobacco Tobacco use can damage the body by: • Reducing circulation in small blood vessels. • Causing premature aging. • Increasing the risk of all forms of cancer. • Slowing normal lung growth in adolescents. • Increasing risks of ulcers . Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 27 Chapter 14 Tobacco Other Effects of Tobacco Tobacco use can damage the body by: • Increasing tolerance to drugs (medications). • Increasing risk of heart attack and stroke in women who take oral contraceptives. • Limiting oxygen to a fetus, causing birth defects. • Causing women to become infertile. • Reducing the oxygen supply to the brain, impairing memory. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 28 Chapter 14 Tobacco Other Effects of Tobacco Tobacco use can damage the body by: • Reducing the oxygen supply to brain. • Increasing the risk of infection of the sinuses. sinuses Spaces in the bones of the skull Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 29 Chapter 14 Tobacco Other Effects of Tobacco Tobacco use can damage the body by: • Interfering with the immune response. • Exposing the chest to radiation. Smoking one pack of cigarettes a day is like getting 250 chest x-rays. • Increasing the risk of abnormal sperm production. • Encouraging gum disease. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 30 Chapter 14 Tobacco Other Effects of Tobacco Financial Costs and Fire Danger • Smoking can cost a smoker over $2,000 per year. • Fires started by cigarettes cause about 2,000 deaths and 4,000 injuries per year. • Smoking is the single greatest cause of preventable death in the United States. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 31 Chapter 14 Tobacco Are Any Smoking Products Safe? Smoking tobacco harms your health. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 32 Chapter 14 Tobacco Are Any Smoking Products Safe? • Low-tar, low-nicotine cigarettes are not safer than any other cigarette. • Smokers of low-tar, low-nicotine cigarettes usually smoke more or inhale more deeply. • Cigar and pipe smokers are at risk of developing cancer of the lips and tongue. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 33 Chapter 14 Tobacco Are Any Smoking Products Safe? Benefits of quitting smoking are: • The risk of heart attack falls rapidly to that of a nonsmoker within a few years. • Ten years after quitting, the risk of lung cancer is about half of that for smokers. Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 34 Chapter 14 Tobacco Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary • __________ are cancer-causing agents. carcinogens Cancer-causing agents Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 35 Chapter 14 Tobacco Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary • Define cilia. cilia Hair-like structures extending from the surface of cells Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 Health Effects of Smoking HOME << BACK NEXT >> 36 End of Chapter 14 Section 2 Home glencoe.com
