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From the Garden to the
City
The Covenant with Noah
Covenant with Noah
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Movement of Redemptive History: Man is restored to
the world and allowed to exercise judgment.
Dominant Theme: Redemption of the world, and
man exercises judgment.
Chronological source: Ten generations of Shem in
Genesis 11
Scripture Reference: Genesis 8:1-11:32; Job
Name of God: Most High God (Genesis 14:18, 19, 20,
22; Daniel 3:26; 5:18, 21)
Name of the People of God: God fearers
Worship Environment: Altar, Sacrifices (burnt
offerings)
Sacraments-Boundary: Flood (Genesis 9:11)
-Memorial: Rainbow (Genesis 9:12-17)
Covenant with Noah
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Exodus:
Biblical References
Gen. 8:1, 13-19
Date
1656 A.M.
The flood moves the Ark from the Old World to the New World
Estab. Of Cov.
Gen. 8:20-9:17
656-1800 ? A.M.
Capital punishment, animal fear man, eat meat not blood, God not destroy the earth
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History - Advan:
- Fall:
Gen. 9:18-10:32
Gen. 11:1-4
The Tower of Babel
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- Decline:
Announcement:
Gen. 11:5-7;
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Judgment
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1656-1800 ? A.M.
1800 ? A.M.
Gen. 11:8-9
1800-2083 A. M.
1800 ? A. M.
1800 ? A. M.
Confusion of languages and scattering people over the earth.
Sweet Savor
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Genesis 8:20 And Noah builded an altar unto the LORD; and
took of every clean beast, and of every clean fowl, and
offered burnt offerings on the altar. 21 And the LORD
smelled a sweet savor; and the LORD said in his heart, I will
not again curse the ground any more for man's sake; for the
imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth; neither will
I again smite any more every thing living, as I have done.
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Animal sacrifices by fire are a “sweet savor” to the Lord.
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This phrase occurs 37 times in Exodus, Leviticus, and
Numbers to describe animal sacrifices burned by fire.
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And thou shalt burn the whole ram upon the altar: it is a
burnt offering unto the LORD: it is a sweet savour, an
offering made by fire unto the LORD. Exodus 29:18
Sweet Savor
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This concept is carried over into The New Testament:
Ephesians 5:1 Be ye therefore followers of God, as dear
children; 2 And walk in love, as Christ also hath loved us,
and hath given himself for us an offering and a sacrifice to
God for a sweetsmelling savour.
II Corinthians 2:14 Now thanks be unto God, which always
causeth us to triumph in Christ, and maketh manifest the
savour of his knowledge by us in every place. 15 For we are
unto God a sweet savour of Christ, in them that are saved,
and in them that perish: 16 To the one we are the savour of
death unto death; and to the other the savour of life unto
life.
Philippians 4:18 But I have all, and abound: I am full,
having received of Epaphroditus the things which were sent
from you, an odour of a sweet smell, a sacrifice acceptable,
wellpleasing to God.
Sweet Savor
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The phrase also occurs in the earliest Eucharistic Worship
Services.
“That the Lord our God, having graciously received them to
His altar that is holy and above the heavens, rational and
spiritual, for the odour of a sweet spiritual savour, may send
down in answer upon us the divine grace and the gift of the
all-holy Spirit;” Liturgy of St. James (200-300 AD).
“The Bidding Prayer for the Faithful After the Divine
Oblation.
XIII. Let us still further beseech God through His Christ,
and let us beseech Him on account of the gift which is
offered to the Lord God, that the good God will accept it,
through the mediation of His Christ, upon His heavenly altar,
for a sweet-smelling savour. Let us pray for this church and
people. Let us pray for every episcopate, every presbytery,
all the deacons and ministers in Christ, for the whole
congregation, that the Lord will keep and preserve them all.”
Apostolic Constitution (200-300 AD)
Rebellion of Ham
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Genesis 9
18 And the sons of Noah, that went forth of the ark, were
Shem, and Ham, and Japheth: and Ham is the father of
Canaan.
19 These are the three sons of Noah: and of them was the
whole earth overspread.
20 And Noah began to be an husbandman, and he planted a
vineyard:
21 And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was
uncovered within his tent.
22 And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his
father, and told his two brethren without.
23 And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon
both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered
the nakedness of their father; and their faces were
backward, and they saw not their father's nakedness.
Rebellion of Ham
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Genesis 9
24 And Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his
younger son had done unto him.
25 And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants
shall he be unto his brethren.
26 And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Shem; and
Canaan shall be his servant.
27 God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents
of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.
What is this narrative telling the reader?
Why Canaan will be a servant of his brothers. We know that
eventually the descendants of Shem will expel the
Canaanites from their land.
Rebellion of Ham
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What else is the narrative trying to tell the reader?
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What is the immediate context of the narrative?
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Man being delegated the authority to exercise judgment.
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Let’s deal with the wine and drunkenness issues first.
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In Genesis 5:29 the following prophecy was given in regard
to Noah: “And he called his name Noah, saying, This same
shall comfort us concerning our work and toil of our hands,
because of the ground which the LORD hath cursed.”
In the Bible, wine is a blessing and brings joy and rest
(Judges 9:13; Psalms 104:14; Deuteronomy 14:26;
Ecclesiastes 10:19).
Rebellion of Ham
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There are warnings about not drinking while you are working
or drinking to excess, but Noah was drinking in his house at
rest.
Scripture is not critical of this and at certain times
encourages drinking: “And thou shalt bestow that money
for whatsoever thy soul lusteth after, for oxen, or for sheep,
or for wine, or for strong drink, or for whatsoever thy soul
desireth: and thou shalt eat there before the LORD thy God,
and thou shalt rejoice, thou, and thine household,”
Deuteronomy 14:26.
In the context of Genesis the coat probably represented
Noah’s authority. Noah had laid aside his authority to rest
inside of his tent and Ham was trying to incite his brothers
to seize their father’s authority.
Rebellion of Ham
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Shem and Japheth refused to join Ham’s plot and they
showed their support of Noah by clothing their father
without looking at his nakedness.
When Noah awoke from sleep he judged Ham by cursing
Canaan his son.
Sacraments-Boundary
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A “boundary sacrament” is a one-time event that “places” a
person in the covenant and usually involves a “cutting off”
and/or “new life.”
Gen. 9:11 And I will establish my covenant with you,
neither shall all flesh be cut off any more by the waters of a
flood; neither shall there any more be a flood to destroy the
earth.
The flood was the boundary sacrament of the Covenant with
Noah. A person or an animal had to come through the flood
in order to be part of that covenant.
“Cut off” is the Hebrew word “karath” and is the word that is
used in the Hebrew Old Testament “to make” a covenant or
literally to “cut” a covenant.
Sacraments-Boundary
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We say today “we are going to cut a deal.”
Genesis 15:18 In the same day the LORD made (karathcut) a covenant with Abram, (See also Genesis 21:27;
Exodus 24:8; Deuteronomy 5:2,3; and many more).
The word is also used to reflect the negative side of the
covenant:
Genesis 17:14 And the uncircumcised man child whose flesh
of his foreskin is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off
from his people; he hath broken my covenant.
The word “cut off” is used fifteen times in the book of
Leviticus to describe what happens when someone breaks
the laws given in Leviticus.
Sacraments-Boundary
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Saint Peter uses the flood as a figure of baptism, the
boundary sacrament of the New Covenant:
I Peter 3:20 Which sometime were disobedient, when once
the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while
the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls
were saved by water. 21 The like figure whereunto even
baptism doth also now save us (not the putting away of the
filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience
toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ: 22 Who is
gone into heaven, and is on the right hand of God; angels
and authorities and powers being made subject unto him.
In the two passages (2 Peter 2:5) where St. Peter comments
on the flood he mentions the number eight. Circumcision
took place on the eighth day and Christ rose on the eighth
day (first day of the week i.e. seven plus one).
Sacraments-Boundary
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The number eight points to resurrection or new life. The eighth
day is outside of this world’s seven-day cycle, but as the first day
is also part of this world. The resurrected Christ is in heaven
outside of this world. However the Holy Spirit comes into the
world to apply the results of Christ’s resurrection.
The early Christian writers understood this symbolism.
“I shall make a beginning of the eighth day, that is, a beginning of
another world. Wherefore, also, we keep the eighth day with
joyfulness, the day also on which Jesus rose again from the dead.
And when He had manifested Himself, He ascended into the
heavens.” Irenaeus (200 AD)
“The command of circumcision, again, bidding [them] always
circumcise the children on the eighth day, was a type of the true
circumcision, by which we are circumcised from deceit and iniquity
through Him who rose from the dead on the first day after the
Sabbath, [namely through] our Lord Jesus Christ. For the first day
after the Sabbath, remaining the first of all the days, is called,
however, the eighth, according to the number of all the days of the
cycle, and [yet] remains the first.” (Justin Martyr 150 AD)
Sacraments-Boundary
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“And after the observance of the Sabbath, let every friend of
Christ keep the Lord’s Day as a festival, the resurrectionday, the queen and chief of all the days [of the week].
Looking forward to this, the prophet declared, “To the end,
for the eighth day,” on which our life both sprang up again,
and the victory over death was obtained in Christ,” (Ignatius
107 AD)
St. Peter points out that water, which is essential to life,
saved Noah in the flood and obviously is an important part
of baptism. He also connects it with the resurrection of
Christ. We will return to these themes later in the study
probably when we discuss the Red Sea crossing.
Sacraments-Memorial
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Genesis 8
1 And God remembered Noah, and every living thing, and all
the cattle that was with him in the ark: and God made a
wind to pass over the earth, and the waters asswaged;
Genesis 9
12 And God said, This is the token of the covenant which I
make between me and you and every living creature
that is with you, for perpetual generations:
13 I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a token
of a covenant between me and the earth.
14 And it shall come to pass, when I bring a cloud over the
earth, that the bow shall be seen in the cloud:
15 And I will remember my covenant, which is between me
and you and every living creature of all flesh; and the
waters shall no more become a flood to destroy all flesh.
Sacraments-Memorial
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Genesis 9
16 And the bow shall be in the cloud; and I will look upon it,
that I may remember the everlasting covenant between
God and every living creature of all flesh that is upon
the earth. 17 And God said unto Noah, This is the token
of the covenant, which I have established between me
and all flesh that is upon the earth.
A “memorial sacrament” is an event that occurs periodically
and renews the covenant. It typically involves
“remembering” and continuing life.
Two times in chapters eight and nine the concept of God
“remembering” is mentioned.
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What does it mean for God “to remember”?
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Does God forget in the sense that man forgets?
Sacraments-Memorial
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“In the biblical teaching on God, the term memory refers to
the attentiveness of God to his creation, the power of divine
providential love through which God “holds” the world and
gives it life, so that life itself can be termed- abiding in the
memory of God, and death-the falling out of this memory.
In other words, memory, like everything else in God, is real,
it is that life that he grants, that God ‘remembers’; it is the
eternal overcoming of the ‘nothing’ out of which God called
us into ‘his wonderful light.’”
And God remembered Noah, and every living thing, and all
the cattle that was with him in the ark: and God made a
wind to pass over the earth, and the waters asswaged;
Genesis 8:1
God was attentive to Noah and all the animals in the ark and
provided them new life in the new world.
Sacraments-Memorial
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And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his
covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. 25 And
God looked upon the children of Israel, and God had respect
unto them. Exodus 2:24-25
Wherefore should the Egyptians speak, and say, For mischief
did he bring them out, to slay them in the mountains, and to
consume them from the face of the earth? Turn from thy
fierce wrath, and repent of this evil against thy people. 13
Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, thy servants, to
whom thou swarest by thine own self, and saidst unto them,
I will multiply your seed as the stars of heaven, and all this
land that I have spoken of will I give unto your seed, and
they shall inherit it for ever. 14 And the LORD repented of
the evil which he thought to do unto his people. Exodus
32:12-14
I am counted with them that go down into the pit: I am as a
man that hath no strength: 5 Free among the dead, like the
slain that lie in the grave, whom thou rememberest no
more: and they are cut off from thy hand. Psalm 88:4-5
Sacraments-Memorial
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God “remembered” women with closed wombs and gave
them a child.
And God remembered Rachel, and God hearkened to her,
and opened her womb. 23 And she conceived, and bare a
son; and said, God hath taken away my reproach: 24 And
she called his name Joseph; and said, The LORD shall add to
me another son. Genesis 30:22-24
And they rose up in the morning early, and worshipped
before the LORD, and returned, and came to their house to
Ramah: and Elkanah knew Hannah his wife; and the LORD
remembered her. 20 Wherefore it came to pass, when the
time was come about after Hannah had conceived, that she
bare a son, and called his name Samuel, saying, Because I
have asked him of the LORD. 1 Samuel 1:19-20
Sacraments-Memorial
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Where else in the New Testament do we see the concept of
God remembering?
And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take,
eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in
remembrance of me. 25 After the same manner also he took
the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new
testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in
remembrance of me. 26 For as often as ye eat this bread,
and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s death till he come.
1 Corinthians 11:24-26
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To whom are we showing the “Lord’s death?”
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We are showing it to God the Father so he will remember His
promises to provide us remission of our sins and eternal life.
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Just like the rainbow reminded God of His promises to Noah,
the Lord’s Supper, or the Eucharist, reminds God of His
promises under the New Covenant.
Sacraments-Memorial
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Where do we see God remembering in the New Testament?
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How about the thief on the cross?
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And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou
comest into thy kingdom. 43 And Jesus said unto him, Verily
I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise.
Luke 23:42-43
That day the thief inherited eternal life with Christ in
paradise.
The thief knew what it meant for God to remember him.
Sacraments-Memorial
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God’s “remembering” is real and makes us truly alive.
Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you,
Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his
blood, ye have no life in you. 54 Whoso eateth my flesh, and
drinketh my blood, hath eternal life; and I will raise him up
at the last day. John 6:53-54
In the earliest Eucharistic worship services, as the clergy is
processing to the altar with the bread and wine, there is a
series of petitions to God which all end with the phrase “the
Lord God remember them in his Kingdom always: now and
ever, and unto ages of ages.”
My favorite petition in this part of the service is when they
call the name of every member of the local church that has
died and requests that “God remember them in His
Kingdom.”
Capital Punishment
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Genesis 9
5 And surely your blood of your lives will I require; at the
hand of every beast will I require it, and at the hand of
man; at the hand of every man’s brother will I require
the life of man.
6 Whoso sheddeth man’s blood, by man shall his blood be
shed: for in the image of God made he man.
Capital Punishment-Man
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In the law of Moses capital punishment is expanded into the
“avenger of blood.”
Numbers 35
9 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
10 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them,
When ye be come over Jordan into the land of Canaan;
11 Then ye shall appoint you cities to be cities of refuge for
you; that the slayer may flee thither, which killeth any
person at unawares.
12 And they shall be unto you cities for refuge from the
avenger; that the manslayer die not, until he stand
before the congregation in judgment.
15 These six cities shall be a refuge, both for the children of
Israel, and for the stranger, and for the sojourner
among them: that every one that killeth any person
unawares may flee thither.
16 And if he smite him with an instrument of iron, so that he
die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put
to death.
Capital Punishment-Man
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Numbers 35
17 And if he smite him with throwing a stone, wherewith he
may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer
shall surely be put to death.
18 Or if he smite him with an hand weapon of wood,
wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the
murderer shall surely be put to death.
19 The revenger of blood himself shall slay the murderer:
when he meeteth him, he shall slay him.
20 But if he thrust him of hatred, or hurl at him by laying of
wait, that he die;
21 Or in enmity smite him with his hand, that he die: he
that smote him shall surely be put to death; for he is a
murderer: the revenger of blood shall slay the murderer,
when he meeteth him.
22 But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have
cast upon him any thing without laying of wait,
Capital Punishment-Man
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Numbers 35
23 Or with any stone, wherewith a man may die, seeing him
not, and cast it upon him, that he die, and was not his
enemy, neither sought his harm:
24 Then the congregation shall judge between the slayer
and the revenger of blood according to these
judgments:
25 And the congregation shall deliver the slayer out of the
hand of the revenger of blood, and the congregation
shall restore him to the city of his refuge, whither he
was fled: and he shall abide in it unto the death of the
high priest, which was anointed with the holy oil.
26 But if the slayer shall at any time come without the
border of the city of his refuge, whither he was fled;
27 And the revenger of blood find him without the borders of
the city of his refuge, and the revenger of blood kill the
slayer; he shall not be guilty of blood:
Capital Punishment-Man
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Numbers 35
28 Because he should have remained in the city of his
refuge until the death of the high priest: but after the
death of the high priest the slayer shall return into the
land of his possession.
29 So these things shall be for a statute of judgment unto
you throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
30 Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be put to
death by the mouth of witnesses: but one witness shall
not testify against any person to cause him to die.
31 Moreover ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a
murderer, which is guilty of death: but he shall be
surely put to death.
32 And ye shall take no satisfaction for him that is fled to
the city of his refuge, that he should come again to dwell
in the land, until the death of the priest.
Capital Punishment-Man
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Numbers 35
33 So ye shall not pollute the land wherein ye are: for blood
it defileth the land: and the land cannot be cleansed of
the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him
that shed it.
34 Defile not therefore the land which ye shall inhabit,
wherein I dwell: for I the LORD dwell among the
children of Israel.
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See also Deuteronomy 19:1-13
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The shedding of blood defiles the land and only the blood of
the person who sheds the blood can cleanse the land.
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The congregation is “the jury.”
Capital Punishment-Man
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Premeditated murder requires the death penalty, and the
murderer cannot ransom his life.
At least two witnesses required for the death penalty.
The cities of refuge become a prison for non-premeditated
murderer until the substitutionary death of the High Priest.
This is a type of the substitutionary death of the great High
Priest, Jesus Christ.
Capital Punishment-Animals
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Exodus 21
28 If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die: then the
ox shall be surely stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten;
but the owner of the ox shall be quit.
29 But if the ox were wont to push with his horn in time
past, and it hath been testified to his owner, and he hath not
kept him in, but that he hath killed a man or a woman; the
ox shall be stoned, and his owner also shall be put to death.
30 If there be laid on him a sum of money, then he shall
give for the ransom of his life whatsoever is laid upon him.
31 Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter,
according to this judgment shall it be done unto him.
32 If the ox shall push a manservant or a maidservant; he
shall give unto their master thirty shekels of silver, and the
ox shall be stoned.
The animal is always put to death. Capital punishment for
the owner of the animal depends on the circumstances. If
capital punishment required for the owner he may ransom
his life.