Download 19.5 Diversity of Fungi TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A

19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
The student is expected to:
8B categorize organisms using a hierarchical
classification system based on similarities and
differences shared among groups;
8C compare characteristics of taxonomic
groups, including archaea, bacteria, protists,
fungi, plants, and animals;
11C summarize the role of microorganisms in
both maintaining and disrupting the health of
both organisms and ecosystems;
12A interpret relationships, including
predation, parasitism, commensalism,
mutualism, and competition among organisms
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
KEY CONCEPT
Fungi are heterotrophs that absorb their food.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
Fungi are adapted to absorb their food from the
environment.
• Plants and fungi have different traits.
– Fungal cell walls are made of chitin.
– Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
– Plants have chlorophyll and photosynthesize.
– Fungi absorb food through hyphae.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
• Fungi are multicellular organisms, with the exception of
yeasts.
– hyphae
– mycellium
– fruiting body
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
Fungi come in many shapes and sizes.
• Primitive fungi are aquatic and have flagellated spores.
• Sac fungi form a reproductive sac, or ascus.
– Yeasts are single-celled sac fungi.
– Morels and truffles are multicellular sac fungi.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
• Bread molds are often found on spoiled food.
– form zygospores during reproduction
– mycorrhizae belong to this group
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
• Club fungi have fruiting bodies which are club-shaped.
– reproductive structures
called basidia
– include mushrooms,
puffballs, and
shelf fungi
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually.
• Most fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually.
– Yeasts reproduce asexually through budding.
– Yeasts form asci during sexual reproduction.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
• Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles.
– distinctive reproductive
structures
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
• Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles.
– life cycles may include either sexual or asexual
reproduction or both
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
• Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles.
– life cycles may include either sexual or asexual
reproduction or both
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• All fungi form spores and zygotes.
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
The student is expected to:
11C summarize the role of microorganisms in
both maintaining and disrupting the health of
both organisms and ecosystems
and
12A interpret relationships, including
predation, parasitism, commensalism,
mutualism, and competition among
organisms
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
KEY CONCEPT
Fungi recycle nutrients in the environment.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
Fungi may be decomposers, pathogens, or mutualists.
• Fungi and bacteria are the main decomposers in any
ecosystem.
– decompose dead leaves, twigs, logs, and animals
– return nutrients to the soil
– can damage fruit trees and wooden structures
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
• Fungi can act as pathogens.
– human diseases include ringworm and athlete’s foot
– plant diseases include Dutch elm disease
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
• Fungi can act as mutualists.
– lichens form between fungi and algae
– mycorrhizae form between fungi and plants
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A
• Fungi can act as mutualists.
– relationships form between fungi and some insects
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Fungi are studied for many purposes.
• Fungi are useful in several ways.
– as food
– as antibiotics
– as model systems for molecular biology
TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A