Download European Imperialism in Africa

European Imperialism in
Africa
By: Carli, Caryne, Kyley, and Renee`
What is Imperialism?
Imperialism- is the practice of gaining
colonies for economic, political, or
militaristic benefit.
Many European nations used Imperialism to
build their country’s pride as well as their
economy.
Causes of Imperialism
Nationalism: pride in one’s country
Economic Gain: the Industrial Revolution created a large
demand for raw materials and new markets.
Balance of Power: European nations were forced to acquire
new colonies to achieve a balance with their neighbors and
competitors.
“White Man's Burden”: The Europeans’ of superiority made
them feel obligated to “civilize the heathen savages” they
encountered.
Imperialistic nations gained:
•Spices
•Raw Materials
•Pride
•Prestige
•Diamonds
The White Man’s Burden
“The White Man’s Burden” was a popular poem written by Rudyard Kipling in
1899.
Some interpreted this poem to mean that it was the duty of imperializing
nations to bring western culture and sensibility to the savage native
populations that were encountered in Africa.
It also represented Social Darwinism: the belief that all human groups
compete for survival and larger, stronger nations can take over smaller, weaker
ones.
Countries
Britain
Belgium
Germany
Spain
France
Italy
Portugal
Britain in Africa
In the late
1700’s most
slaves were
going to the
New World on
British ships. In
1807 Parliament
passed a law
banning
international
slave trade.
• Britain first claimed Egypt as its own for the use
of the Suez Canal, which was essential for their
shipping routes.
• They also took large parts of the mainland to
aid in their ivory and slave trade.
Belgium in Africa
When King Leopold of
Belgium imperialized in
Africa, he was a cruel
ruler. He forced labor
upon them and tortured
them mercilessly.
Belgium took over the
Congo area of Africa
which includes the Congo
river, for trading
purposes.
Germany in Africa
Since Germany
controlled South-west
Africa, they tried to
exterminate all the
peoples of that region.
Their attempt to
exterminate the
Herero and Namaqua
peoples was one of
the earliest attempts
at genocide in the
20th century. Many
died of starvation and
water poisoning.
Spain in Africa
The reign of the
Hapsburgs was the first
empire about which it
was said that the sun
never set. This was an
age of discovery, with
vast explorations by sea
and land, the openingup of new trade routes
across oceans,
conquests and the
beginnings of European
colonialism.
Blue represents
nations that
were controlled
by Spain
Italy in Africa
The Italian colonial empire was created after
Italy joined other European powers in
establishing colonies in Africa during the
“Scramble for Africa”.
Francesco Crispi, the prime minister of Italy,
established Italian rule in Somalia and the Suez
canal. The canal especially was an important
trading area.
Portugal in Africa
Angola and Mozambique were held by Portugal. Since Mozambique had access to
the water, it became a very important trading site for Portugal. Belgium and
Portugal were feuding over possession of the Congo Area and the Congo River Basin.
They suggested that the Imperialistic countries meet to discus the balance of Power.
The Berlin Conference, as it is known, resulted in the distribution of Africa among
the European powers, and awarded Portugal Mozambique, Angola, and Guinea.
France in Africa
Spain was
granted these
lands at the
Berlin
conference.
They didn’t
formerly
discuss
boundaries
until the 20th
century when
France and
Spain signed
treaties to
divide the
areas.
Europe now
controlled all of
Africa except
Ethiopia, Liberia, and
Saguia el-Hamra.
Most of these would
become Spanish
Sahara.
The Scramble for Africa
The Scramble for Africa,
also known as the Race for
Africa, occurred in the
1880s and lasted
throughout the first world
war in 1914.
The major countries
involved were Britain,
Italy, Spain, Portugal,
France, Germany, and
Belgium.
David Livingstone
Livingstone was one of the most
famous European explorers. He
mapped and explored most of
Southern and Central Africa. He is
responsible for locating the source
of many important rivers, such as,
the Niger, Congo, Zambezi, and
Nile.
Effects of Imperialism
Short Term
Long Term
Short Term Effects
Positive
In the short-term, imperialism was a
very profitable practice for powerful
countries involved.
Cultural diffusion also occurred,
leading to an exchange of ideas
between the West and the East.
•European methods of education were
adopted, and foreigners started to
study ideas of liberty and democracy.
This eventually led to the demise of
imperialism throughout the world after
World War Two.
Negative
Many people and tribes of Africa were
exterminated in a short period of time.
European diseases were brought to
Africa which infected the natives.
Long Term Effects
Negative
Slavery greatly increased because
of Imperialism. The people of
Africa were far too weak to fight
off the large, powerful European
armies. Millions of Africa natives
died in a short period of time.
Decolonization: is the undoing
of colonies by other countries or
nations. This happened to many
tribes in Africa and were split up
by the Europeans.
African natives were usually
tortured by the new settlers and
forced to convert to their religion
or belief system
Positive
European powers gained a large
amount of their wealth and land
area. They also had a feeling of
power and superiority because
of the imperialism.
Amistad Slaves
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/
discovery/29555-assignmentdiscovery-amistad-africans-gohome-video.htm
Europeans mainly
went to imperialize
Africa because of the
growing slave trade.
They usually tricked
them into submission
but then were
inhumane to them.
They separated them
from their family and
home.
Works Cited
www.tanganyika.com
www.howstuffworks.com
www.discoveryeducation.com
www.google.com/images
http://www.usd.edu/honors/HWB/1999/1999f/imperialism%20in%20africa.htm