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Download Ch07b Appendicular skeleton
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CHAPTER 7b APPENDICULAR SKELETON Appendicular skeleton • • upper “appendage” – pectoral girdle – upper extremity clavicle scapula lower “appendage” – – pelvic girdle pelvis lower extremity pectoral girdle • • • • scapula + clavicle no direct attachment to vertebral column scapula – – – – – – – loose muscular attachment to rib cage muscular attachment for UE movement glenoid cavity (fossa) attach upper extremity acromion process coracoid process spine of scapula supraspinous and infraspinous fossa clavicle – – stabilizes scapula joint with manubrium humerus • • • • • • • • • • head articulate with glenoid fossa greater tubercle muscle attachments lesser tubercle muscle attachments intertubercular groove for biceps tendon deltoid tuberosity attach deltoid muscle trochlea articulate with ulna capitulum articulate with radius medial , lateral epicondyles muscle attachments coronoid fossa space for coronoid olecranon fossa space for olecranon ulna • • • • • olecranon superior, posterior process trochlear notch articulate with trochlea coronoid process lip of trochlear notch radial notch proximal radioulnar joint styloid radius • • • • head articulates with capitulum radial tuberosity proximal radioulnar joint styloid wrist and hand • carpal bones • proximal row • distal row • • scaphoid lunate triquetrum + pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate metacarpals phalanges pelvic girdle • pelvis ilium ischium pubic bone • sacroiliac joint joint with sacrum • • • • • – weight bearing acetabulum attach lower extremity obturator foramen covered ; muscle attachments various landmarks muscle attachments for LE support pelvic organs allow passage of infant ilium: ischium: pubis pelvic landmarks iliac crest ala iliac fossa ASIS AIIS PSIS PIIS greater sciatic notch arcuate line auricular surface body and ramus ischial spine lesser sciatic notch ischial tuberosity = pubic bone superior and inferior ramus pubic crest and tubercle iliopectineal line femur • • • • • • • • • • head articulate with acetabulum neck weight distribution greater trochanter attach gluteal muscles lesser trochanter muscle attachments intertrochanteric crest and line gluteal tuberosity attach gluteal muscle linea aspera attach adductor muscle patellar surface articulate with patella condyles articulate with tibia (knee) epicondyles muscle attachments patella • • • sesamoid bone within quadriceps tendon increased leverage for knee extension tibia • • • • • medial, lateral condyles articulate with femur hold meniscus tibial tuberosity attach quadriceps muscle intercondylar emminence attach ligaments inferior surface articulates with talus medial malleolus supports ankle joint fibula • • • head superior tibiofibular joint lateral malleolus supports ankle joint interosseous membrane stabilizes fibula muscle attachments ankle and foot • • • tarsal bones • talus • calcaneus • navicular • cuneiforms • cuboid metatarsals phalanges
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