Download Bio 20 Checklist: Evolution/Adaptations Test Chapter 4 4.1

Bio 20 Checklist: Evolution/Adaptations Test Chapter 4
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4.1 Adaptation, Variation and Natural Selection (pg. 114)
Variations occur in a gene pool due to _________________ and _______________ and __________________.
Mutations are a very significant source of genetic variations. What removes harmful
mutations from the gene pool? Why is variation in a population a good thing?
If variations provide an advantage to individual, then the resulting traits are known as
____________.
What do we mean when we say the environment exerts selective pressure on a
population? Do adaptations provide a selective advantage in all environments?
Give examples of behavioral adaptations __________________, _____________________.
Structural/morphological adaptations ____________________, ____________________.
Physiological adaptations ____________________, _____________________.
Describe the major world problem of Super Bugs (bacteria resistant to antibiotics) and
insects resistant to antibiotics in terms of evolution.
4.2 Developing the Theory of Natural Selection (pg.122)
Compare Lamarck’s (L) and Darwin’s (D) ideas on speciation. Which one relies on the
“inheritance of acquired characteristics ___, “selective advantage ___” “variations in
populations owing to mutations ---,” “use and disuse of organs and other structures ___,”
“natural selection___”? Which is the accepted theory at this time? Why?
How do you determine the chronological order of fossils found in rock or sediment layers?
Why was the Archaeopteryx fossil find so exciting to paleontologists? What did they learn
from this fossil? Why is it called a TRANSITIONAL FOSSIL?
What evidence links present day whales to their terrestrial ancestors? Is this supporting
evidence embryological, biogeographical, anatomical or paleontological?
Define and give examples for homologous and analogous structures. What do these
processes contribute to the understanding of evolution, common ancestors and speciation?
Discuss and give examples of how each of the following provide important evidence in
determining the evolutionary pathway of various species: embryological evidence,
anatomical evidence, biogeography, the fossil record (paleontology) and genetics. What are
the strengths and limitations of each? Which questions are best answered by each one?
How does natural selection account for losses in structures. i.e. eyes in cave organisms.
What is artificial selection?
4.3
How Species Form (pg. 136)
Define “species.” Define the various mechanisms of speciation: transformation, divergence,.
What situations will cause divergence (also called adaptive radiation) ______________ barriers
and ______________________ barriers. Give at least 2 examples of each.
15. What are the two models for the pace of evolution? ________________ and _______________. What
evidence did Steven J. Gould use to support punctuated equilibrium, his modification of
Darwin’s theory of gradualism?
16. How does natural selection account for losses in structures. i.e. eyes in cave organisms,
digestive systems in tapeworms, whales’ hind limbs?
17. What is a cladogram? How is this different from an evolutionary tree?