Download clauses are

Phrases and Clauses
What do we already know?
Phrases
Clauses
 Group of related words
 Group of related words
 Can be a main clause or a
 Can act as a single part
of speech, like an
adverb or an adjective
 Begins with a
preposition and ends
with a noun or
pronoun
 Will not contain a verb
dependent clause
 Can act as an adverb or
an adjective
 Begins with a relative
pronoun or a
subordinate conjunction
 Must contain a subject
and a verb
Examples
Phrases
Clauses
 Near the street by the
 Which never seems
curb
 According to Jim
 Beside the stream
under the maple tree
 In spite of himself
real
 Who likes her as much
as I do
 Whoever goes
 As long as she doesn’t
tell
Types of Clauses
Adjective
Adverb
 Dependent clause that modifies a


noun or pronoun
 Clarify the noun by answering
questions about “which?” or “what
type of?”
 Typically follows the noun or
pronoun and can’t be moved around
without creating a sentence that is
ungrammatical in structure


The guitar which Elvis used to own was
found at a garage sale. (correct)
Which Elvis used to own was the guitar
found at the garage sale. (incorrect)
 Often begins with a relative pronoun
(that, which, who, whom, whoever,
whomever, whichever)
 Also called a relative clause
Dependent clause that modifies a verb
Answers questions that relate to time,
location, purpose, and condition (Why?
When? Where? To what degree? Or Under
what condition?)
 Begins with a subordinate conjunction
(after, although, as, because, since, so
that, unless, until, when, whenever,
where, where as, wherever, whether,
while…)
 Adverb Clauses are Movable – Adverb
clauses that come at the beginning of the
sentence are followed by a comma, but
adverb clauses that are at the end of a
sentence do not have to be preceded by a
comma.


The hostess wouldn’t seat us because our entire
party had not arrived.
Because our entire party had not arrived, the
hostess wouldn’t seat us.
What type of clause is the
dependent clause in the sentence
below.
THE SEEDS WILL TAKE ROOT WHEREVER
THERE IS ENOUGH LIGHT.
Adverb clause
THE SEEDS WILL TAKE ROOT WHEREVER
THERE IS ENOUGH LIGHT.
Adverb or Adjective Clause
According to Richard Neeley
from my neighborhood, Mr.
Hexis, who is also my neighbor,
will not attend the block party
next weekend.
adjective
 According to Richard Neeley from my
neighborhood, Mr. Hexis, who is also my neighbor,
will not attend the block party next weekend.
Adjective or adverb clause
Although you have not eaten
your sub sandwich, you may still
have cake dessert.
adverb
 Although you have not eaten your sub sandwich,
you may still have cake dessert.
Adjective or adverb clause
Before you open your
birthday presents, take a
picture of the beautifully
wrapped packages.
adverb
Before you open your
birthday presents, take a
picture of the beautifully
wrapped packages.
Adjective or adverb clause
Casey, who spent the night
with her grandmother, was
absent from school today.
adjective
Casey, who spent the night
with her grandmother, was
absent from school today.
Adjective or adverb clause
The delicious dinner that Dad
prepared last night contained all
of my favorites – macaroni and
cheese, greens, and fried
chicken.
Adjective or adverb clause
The delicious dinner that Dad
prepared last night contained
all of my favorites – macaroni
and cheese, greens, and fried
chicken.
Adjective or adverb clause
Whether you like it or not,
there will be a clause and
phrase test tomorrow.
Adjective or adverb
Whether you like it or not, there
will be a clause and phrase test
tomorrow.
How do I find dependent versus independent
clauses?
 ( parenthesis around prep phrases)
 Underline all verbs and verb phrases twice (I underlined and
italicized on this power point since I could not underline a word
twice)
 Find the subject for each verb and underline it once
 Box {I bracketed on this power point} each clause, including any
prep phrases that are within that clause.
 Determine if each boxed clause can stand alone as a sentence. If it
can, it is independent; if it can’t, it is dependent.
 Determine the questions that the dependent clause is answering and
then label it either adverb or adjective.
 Check for compound sentence signals (comma and FANBOYS)
 (Remember that next year, we will add noun clauses to your
labeling )
DO THIS FOR ALL SENTENCES…IT WILL HELP YOU!
Simple, Compound, Complex, or CompoundComplex?
 Neither sentence makes grammatical sense when the
adjective clause is removed.
Complex
 {Neither sentence makes grammatical sense }{when
the adjective clause is removed.}
S, C, CX, C/CX
 Adjective clauses are dependent clauses that modify
nouns or pronouns, and adverb are dependent
clauses that modify verbs.
C-CX
 {Adjective clauses are dependent clauses} {that
modify nouns or pronouns}, and {adverb are
dependent clauses}{that modify verbs.}
Sentence Type?
 We drove along the coastline and enjoyed the
beautiful scenery.
Simple sentence with a compound predicate
 {We drove (along the coastline) and enjoyed the
beautiful scenery.}