Download Byzantine Empire Vocabulary Dowry

Byzantine Empire Vocabulary
Dowry- money and goods the wife brings to the
husband at marriage
Icon- holy picture or statue of Jesus,
Mary or Saints
Iconoclasts-believed worshipping icons was the
same as worshipping idols
Iconoclastic Controversy -debate between the
defenders and opponents of icons
Byzantine Empire & Eastern
Europe
• Constantinople - the largest city and former capital of Turkey,
Previously known as Byzantium, Constantine changed the name of
the city and moved the capitol of the Roman Empire here from
Rome.
• Byzantine Empire - Historians' name for the eastern portion of the
Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from
'Byzantion,' an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital
city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. (250)
Heresy – an opinion that conflicts with official
church beliefs (goes against church teachings)
• Excommunication – making someone no
longer a member of the church (kicked outcannot go to heaven)
• Mosaic – picture or design made from small
pieces of enamel, glass or stone
•
Justinian – Emperor of Byzantine Empire (527-565 A.D.) expands empire,
suppresses revolt, gives women some rights; builds Hagia Sophia. Hagia
Sophia was the most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built
under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the
world.
• Justinian Code– very important to European Law
Code-Roman Laws
Digest-Opinions on
Laws
Institutes-Guide for law
students
Novaella-New Laws
• Kiev - city on the Dneiper
River, capital of Russia
between from 882 to 1169
•
• Eastern Orthodox
Churchderived from the
Byzantine Church and
adhering to Byzantine rites
Byzantium - was an ancient Greek city, founded by Greek colonists from
Megara in 657 BC and named after their king Byzas . The city was later
renamed Nova Roma by Constantine the Great, but popularly called
Constantinople and briefly became the imperial residence of the classical
Roman Empire. Then subsequently the city was, for more than a thousand
years, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, the Greek-speaking Roman Empire
of late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Constantinople was captured by the
Ottoman Turks, becoming the capital of their empire, in 1453. The name of the
city was officially changed to Istanbul in 1930 following the establishment of
modern Turkey.
Theodora – Justinian’s
wife who advises him
on laws and Nika
revolt; expands
women’s rights
Hippodrome – where
citizens could see
wild chariot races and
performance acts;
location for Nika
revolt
• Belisarius – made general of army by Justinian
after he leads the men who put down the Nika
Revolt
• Nika Revolt – riots were occurring over
Justinian’s government and repression of the
Nika rebellions; rioters were drawn to the
Hippodrome and demanded to overthrow
Justinian. Belisarius and his troops slaughtered
the 30,000 rebels inside.
The Vikings were the Norse explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates who raided,
traded, explored and settled in wide areas of Europe, Asia and the North Atlantic islands
from the late 8th to the mid-11th century.
These Norsemen used their famed longships to travel as far east as Constantinople and
the Volga River in Russia, and as far west as Iceland, Greenland, and Newfoundland,
and as far south as Nekor.This period of Viking expansion – known as the Viking Age –
forms a major part of the medieval history of Scandinavia, Great Britain, Ireland and the
rest of Medieval Europe.
•
Macedonian Dynasty - during this
period, the Byzantine state
reached its greatest expanse
since the Muslim conquests, and
the Macedonian Renaissance in
letters and arts began. The
dynasty was named after its
founder, Basil I the Macedonian
•
Orthodox Christianity is a term that covers the
two branches of Christianity which emphasize their
unbroken connection to the faith, doctrine and
practices of the ancient Christian Church, and
therefore call themselves "Orthodox" (from Greek:
orthos + doxa, meaning correct belief). These two
branches are the Eastern Orthodox Church and
Oriental Orthodoxy.
• Greek Fire – liquid thrown at ships that
explodes and lights the ships on fire
• Ottoman Turks – conquer the Byzantine
Empire and rename capital Istanbul
Fall of Constantinople
Russian Vocabulary
Steppe – grassy plain w/out trees; black fertile
soil
Taiga – above the steppe; has great forests
and rainfall
• Boyars – nobles that made up a council to
advise the princes who ruled Kievan
Russia
• Cyril & Methodius – Christian
missionaries who gave the Slavs a written
alphabet – Cyrillic alphabet
Rus – people who took control of Novgorod –
ruled over Kiev and Slavs “Rus”-Russia
Rurik – leader of the Rus people in Russia
Yaroslav the Wise – 1019 A.D.-1054 A.D.
Ruled during a great period during
Russian History; built many churches
1st Russian Law code
Pravda Russkia – 1st Russian law code –
contained tribal law and other customs
Vladimir I – 980’s A.D. impressed with
Christianity and Hagia Sophia; wanted to
marry Ana (Byzantine Emperor’s sister);
converts to Christianity; orders all Kievans
to become Christian (Russian Orthodox
Church); Father of Yaroslav the Wise
Czar=Tzar – (comes from word Caesar) true
leader of Byzantine + Roman Empire
(Russian Ruler); absolute power
“Third Rome” – Moscow; brings Christian
orthodoxy to the whole world
1. Rome 2. Constantinople 3. Moscow/Russia
• Ivan III – “Ivan the Great”; assert
independence from the Mongols; 1st
ruler of independent Russia; increased
land; great military conquest
• Ivan IV – “Ivan the Terrible”; arrested
the boyars and gave land to his
supporters; killed his own son and
others; laid foundation for New Russian
State; becomes first official Russian
Czar
• Mongols – Genghis Kahn is the leader
of the Golden Horde; they invade
Kievan Russia and rule; they allow
Russians to follow their own customs as
they pay taxes and not revolt; Ivan III
rids Russian of Mongols