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Perspectives studies of android vs. cryogen Mod
Operating system with mobile and gadget
Prof.R.C.Suryawanshi
HOD of Master of Computer Application Department, A.C.Patil College of
Engineering,Kharghar-410210,Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra
Miss Aparna Naresh Nerurkar
Student of of Master of Computer Application Department, A.C.Patil College of
Engineering,Kharghar-410210,Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra
[email protected]
ABSTRACT:
INTRODUCTION:
With the emerging needs of the users
abundance of technology has been invented to fulfill
these sprouting needs of the users. Due to these
plenty of inventions, technology has made its
advancement in all fields. Mobiles Phones is an
amazing invention of technology that has made itself
a necessity in everyone’s life. As the popularity of
Smartphone’s is increasing, the companies need to
pack more interesting and attractive features and
applications in upcoming devices so as to make them
more interactive and user friendly for the users. For
this reason, the companies have made the operating
system of mobiles an open source like Android
operating system. In this paper, we analyses the key
features of the Android and Cynogen Mod to know
its importance in some or the other field .After
studying Both the operating sysytem from history and
knowing about all of its versions we have found that
companies have been releasing new versions time to
time to meet the needs of customers. But there have
been a lot of limitations in operating system that lead
to the failure.In the present scenario, mobile
technology is a technology which is increasing at a
fast pace. This advancement in mobile technology
has impacted everyone’s life. Nowadays various
mobile technologies as well as mobile phones
compete in the market. It has reduced the burden of
work of a human being in some way or the other.This
paper is a comparative indeep study between android
and cynogen operating system.
One of the most widely used technologies
today is mobile technology. It includes several or we
can say all forms of portable technology like laptops,
palmtops, cell phones, personal digital assistants,
wireless card payment terminals, global positioning
systems. This technology is radically increasing
around the world day by day. This can be clearly seen
in our day to day life as a poor man also either posses
a mobile phone or has access to it. It has
transformed the way of doing business. Previously
people use to go to banks or offices to do their task
but now they can easily do it from mobile phone. It
can be seen that in the past few years the wireless
technologies is highly developed. Along with the
exponential improvement
in performance & capacity of wireless
communications systems, the information can be
easily accessed using mobile devices.
In order to improve their infrastructure and rolling
out data coverage, the mobile networks are spending
a large amount. The continuous advances in mobile
technology is impacting everyone’s life. The users
are getting benefitted from the advances in mobile
technology. This
is clearly visible in our day to day life. Previously, in
order to mail important documents one has to deliver
it from door to door but with the advancement in
mobile technology one can easily sent it in few
minutes in the form of soft copy. As a boon, the use
of smart phones & tablets has transformed
communications, entertainment. The advances in
mobile technology is affecting various other fields
also like it is playing a vital role in health care
systems. As an example, if a person owns a business
then he is free to extend his business rather than
confining it to a particular area.This can be seen from
the previous year that with the increasing number of
years the generations of mobile is also increasing.
The generation of a mobile phone is represented by
‘G’. From 1946 to 1980, 0G i.e. the zero generation
prevailed. This included early mobile phones which
were very expensive and it could only be used in
cars, trucks and briefcases. Ithad a voice call feature
only. After 0G next generation came which is 1G i.e.
first generation.In this generation cellphones were
analog devices which functions on AMPS/Datatac
technology. Its features were voice calls with limited
data which was somewhat higher than the previous
generation. As the time passed the next digital
generation came into existence which is the 2G i.e.
the second generation cellular network. Its features
were somewhat enhanced than the previous
generations. It had voice, sms and circuit switched
data features.The technologies which prevailed
during this period were GSM, iDEN,
EDGE,GPRS,CDMA, TDMA and HSCSD. Out of
the above technologies some belong to the 2.5G
standards family. In order to intoduce new features
and technologies, the next generation was introduced
i.e. 3G. It had superior features like broadband data,
voice and streaming video.Though this technology
was not fully implemented. It came into light from
2004 which included technologies like W-CDMA,
1Xev-DO. To add up some new features in the
previous version of the generation, 4G was
introduced. This generation had high
speed broadband for data and visual centric
information which is capable of transmitting data at
100mbps while moving and 1Gbs while standing
still. In this paper we will try to familiarize with the
Android and Cynogen Mod operating systems, it’s
key features , it’s all versions, what all features were
added or deleted in the versions, its advantages and
disadvantages. Thus, through this paper we will try to
help to understand about both O.S and all of its
features so that anyone can select own operating
system wisely according to your needs and benefits.
On the basis of the advancement in mobile
technology, the operating system on which these
work can be defined below along with the
comparison between them:
operating system, the Cyanogen OS is capable of
boosting the performance of your device and helps
you get rid of those annoying spyware, adware and
more. Another benefits is that it gives you periodic
updates with a number of enhancements and new
features. CyanogenMod is designed to increase
performance and reliability over Android-based
ROMs released by vendors and carriers such as
Google, T-Mobile, HTC, etc. CyanogenMod also
offers a variety of features & enhancements that are
not currently found in these versions of Android. This
Android operating system is an open source platform
which can be programmed and modified to suit one’s
needs. Popular mobile carriers do not believe in
providing
Fig:Image of Cynogen Mod
full control of the smartphone to the user. The phones
are locked so that the device becomes network
specific, and can be operated with certain restrictions.
Developers have discovered a method to overcome
this restriction, though. This method is called
‘rooting’. Rooting a device enables the user to
replace the stock firmware (the operating system that
came pre-installed on phone) with a custom modified
firmware. A popular version of a custom modified
firmware is CyanogenMod, which instantly gained
popularity after its launch in 2011 on the Android 2.3
Gingerbread. The ultimate aim of CyanogenMod is to
deliver the full control of the device to the user.
CYNOGEN OS:
The Cyanogen OS is an open source
firmware that is built on top of the Android platform.
It uses the Vanilla Android OS and introduces
features and functions that are not available on the
official platform. A replacement for the Android
ANDROID OS :
This is a software platform and operating
system for mobile devices which is
based on Linux kernel and is developed by google
but later on by Open Handset Alliance(OHA) . Its
native language is Java which is the officially
supported language. In this applications can be
written in other languages also but later on it is
compiled to ARM nativecode
Fig:Image of Android
Operating Systems have developed a lot in last 15
years. Starting from black and white phones to recent
smart phones or mini computers, mobile OS has
come far away. Especially for smart phones, Mobile
OS has greatly evolved from Palm OS in 1996 to
Windows pocket PC in 2000 then to Blackberry OS
and Android. One of the most widely used mobile OS
these days is ANDROID. Android is a software
bunch comprising not only operating system but also
middleware and key applications. Android Inc was
founded in Palo Alto of California, U.S. by Andy
Rubin, Rich miner, Nick sears and Chris White in
2003. Later Android Inc. was acquired by Google in
2005. After original release there have been number
of updates in the original version of Android. The
Android OS is used on smartphones, netbooks and
tablets, including the Dell Streak, Samsung Galaxy
Tab, TV and other devices. And some research
company estimated in Q2 2009 that Android had a
2.8% share of worldwide smartphone shipments. By
Q4 2010 it had grown to 33% of the market,
becoming the top-selling smartphone platform. After
original release there have been number of updates in
the original version of Android
HISTORY OF CYNOGEN:
As a company, Cyanogen Inc is still very new,
though it is growing fast and making some interesting
moves along the way — such as teaming up with
Oppo for the N1 CM edition and working with
OnePlus to deliver CyanogenMod 11S on the
OnePlus One. It seems that it’s not just consumers
taking notice of Cyanogen’s efforts, as a new report
from The Information claims that Google’s Sundar
Pichai met with Cyanogen Inc executives recently to
discuss the possibility of an acquisition.Reportedly
the CM team turned Google down, content to stay the
course and has even discussed a Series C round of
funding with a few investors and tech firms, seeking
a valuation of nearly $1 billion. Considering the
company is new and not exactly generating a massive
revenue stream just yet, that might seem like a lot. Of
course, the experience behind the CM team and the
CyanogenMod ROM (and community) is the real
value for the company, not the products and
partnerships it has produced during its short corporate
life.The experience behind the CM team and the
CyanogenMod ROM is the real value for the
company CyanogenMod remains one of the most
well-known and popular ROMs in the Android world
with some very big talent behind it, and so we could
see how the addition of the CM team could
potentially be of value to Google, as well as Android
manufacturers or even possibly Google’s rivals. In
the meantime, Cyanogen has plans to continue
expanding its reach and, according to the report, has
told potential investors it has a deal in place with
MicroMax to bring CyanogenMod to India.With
Micromax and others also pushing the Android
One effort in India and other emerging markets, it
remains unseen if CM has what it takes to compete in
such an aggressive manner against Google. The
Information also notes that Cyanogen needs to tread
carefully, as they need to ensure that their
modifications (and marketing tactics) don’t irk
Google too much as CM still relies on Google Play
certification. Unlike Amazon, there’s no in-house
apps and services to fall back on if Google ever
decides to fight dirty and deny certification.
planning to enter the mobile phone market with this
move. At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a
mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel.
In 2010, Google launched its Nexus series of
devices—a line of smart phones and tablets running
the Android operating system, and built by a
manufacturer partner. HTC collaborated with Google
to release the first Nexus Smartphone, the Nexus
One. Since then, Google has becomefamous for its
nexus series , which includes both , mobile phones as
well as tablets.
FEATURES OF CYNOGEN:
1.
2.
3.
HISTORY OF ANDROID:
Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto,
California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin (cofounder of Danger), Rich Miner (co-founder of
Wildfire Communications, Inc.), Nick Sears (once
VP at T-Mobile), and Chris White (headed design
and interface development at WebTV to develop, in
Rubin's words "smarter mobile devices that are more
aware of its owner's location and preferences. The
early intentions of the company were to develop an
advanced operating system for digital cameras, but
when it was realized that the market for the devices
was not large enough, they diverted their efforts to
producing a smart phone operating system. Despite
the past accomplishments of the founders and early
employees, Android Inc. operated secretly, revealing
only that it was working on software for mobile
phones. Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17,
2005, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of
Google. Key employees of Android Inc., including
Rubin, Miner and White, stayed at the company after
the acquisition. Not much was known about Android
Inc. at the time, but many assumed that Google was
4.
5.
Genuine and Enchanting UI – CyanogenMod
gives a true Android experience. The UI is as
provided by Google and is not altered. It has
many eye-catching themes that can be
downloaded from the Play Store. The UI can be
customized in many ways, including the
animations of transitions of different screens.
The home button also can be customized to
perform various actions, such as a long press to
start or play music, turn on the flashlight, etc.
Multi-featured Lock Screen – The lock screen
on CyanogenMod gives the user the flexibility to
put up applications such as Calendar, Contacts,
Clock, etc. on the lock screen for easy access.
The user doesn’t need to go through the steps of
unlocking the phone and launching the desired
application.
Incognito Mode – This feature allows the phone
to protect your personal data from any illintended applications. With this mode, the phone
will give control to the user. It does this by
providing an option to disallow a particular
application from accessing the personal data on
the phone and connecting to the internet, or
making use of any native feature.
Chromecast Support – Chromecast surely has
gained ground from the day it was introduced in
the market. Using it, most media streaming
applications need to have a functionality to allow
the streaming. The latest version of
CyanogenMod gives a generic green light to
Chromecast support for streaming audio and
video from any application.
Device Finder – Google already introduced the
tracking system for an Android device,
permitting phone tracking and user data wiping
remotely. But the risk with this service is that if
the Google servers are compromised, it exposes
all the user-tracking information to hackers,
enabling them to track each and every registered
user. To prevent this, CyanogenMod is planning
to introduce a feature to track the device using
an encrypted code. The browser and the device
will communicate in an encrypted code via a
secure channel. This will ensure that the entire
user base will not be tracked in case of a server
hack.
CyanogenMod is available for free download for any
user willing to root the device. The new
developments are rolled out only after careful review
of the code and testing of all the features. However,
rooting a phone is not 100% successful. If some
incompatibility is met, the device could end up being
dead forever.
FEATURES OF ANDROID:
The Android platform is a software stack for
mobile devices that consists of an operating system,
middleware and key applications. Android offers
many features covering the areas of application
development, Internet, media, and connectivity.
These features include Application framework,
Dalvik virtual machine, Integrated browser, Optimized graphics, SQLite for structured data storage,
Media support for common audio, video, and still
image formats, GSM Telephony, Bluetooth, EDGE,
3G, and WiFi, Camera, GPS, Compass, and a rich
Development environment. The Android platform
primarily consists :a. Applications: This includes a set of core
applications that come with the Android distribution
like Email Client, Messaging application, Contacts
application, browser, Web browser etc.
b. Application Framework: This layer has been
designed to facilitate the reuse of components in
Android. With the help of Application Framework
elements (such as, Intents, Content Providers, Views,
and Managers) in Android, de- velopers can build
their applications to execute on Android Kernel and
inter-operate among themselves and with existing
applications.
c. Libraries: Libraries include System C
library, Surface Manager, 2D and 3D graphics
engine, Media Codes, the SQL database SQlite and
the web browser engine LibWebCore.
d. Android Runtime: The Android runtime has
twocomponents. One is a set of Core libraries which
provides the functions available in Java .The other is
the Dalvik virtual machine which operates like a
translator between the application side and the
operating system. Every Android application runs in
its own process, with its own feature and advantage
of the Dalvik virtual machine.
e. Linux Kernel: Android uses a modified version of
Linux for core system services, such as Memory
Management, Process Management, Network Stack,
Driver Model and Security.
COMPARISON BETWEEN ANDROID AND
CYNOGEN MOD:
1.Cyanogenmod provides inbuilt root support
Thus enhanced features such as ad blocking, over
clocking and under clocking of CPU,moving apps to
external memory and many more are possible.
2. Minimum bloatware
Company specific bloatware or useless apps which
are provided by the company by default are not
present in Cyanogenmod.
3.Availability of various themes and skin
Cyanogenmod supports themes engine which enables
application of a large variety of themes which is not
possible on stock android.
4. Enhanced security
Cyanogenmod is designed with highest security
norms.Thus a phone having official cyaogrenmod is
more secure than normal android.
5.Speed and performance
Perhaps one major reason why you should shift to
CyanogenMod is the improvement in performance.
CyanogenMod is based on stock Android itself.
There are no OEM skins running on top of it, which
take up precious resources. Thus, you end up freeing
additional resources which help in improving
performance
6. Latest version of Android
You can also use the latest version of Android within
days of the update being pushed by Google. As soon
as a new version of Android is released, the
CyanogenMod team merges the sources with their
CM branch, and then release a build. Depending on
how major or minor the Android OS update is, this
can take anywhere between a few hours to a few
days.
7.Interface Tweaks
The Interface settings screen is packed with options.
You can tweak the status bar, quick settings panel,
notification drawer, and navigation bar. For example,
you could reorder the buttons on the navigation bar at
the bottom of your screen, or rearrange the order of
the tiles in the quick settings panel.
8.Equalizer
The DSP Manager app provides system-wide
equalizer controls you can use to adjust the sound
coming from your device, enabling bass boost,
activating an equalizer, and selecting presets that
match the music you listen to.
9. over clocking or under clocking of CPU
Overclocking and underclocking are (custom) kernel
features and aren't related to CyanogenMod unless
the custom kernel supports only CyanogenMod and
based off ROMs.
Cyanogenmod allows users to ether increase the CPU
frequency for more powerful performance or
decrease the CPU frequency for enhanced battery
life.
CONCLUSION:
Cyanogenmod makes the most out of your
devices capabilities.Whereas Android ROM has only
limited features made available to the user.
CyanogenMod provides with an up-to-date version of
Android. It’s also a pure, stock Android experience.
CyanogenMod adds lots of their own tweaks and a
handful of apps. However, they respect Google’s
interface. The tweaks CyanogenMod adds don’t feel
out of place — many of them are just added to the
Settings screen as new options. Because it dispenses
with the additional bloat a lot of manufacturers and
carriers add, it’s also very fast.
CyanogenMod isupports your device, it will provide
you with a pure, up-to-date Android experience. It’s a
way to revitalize old Android devices that
manufacturers are no longer updating.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
I would gratefully and sincerely appreciate my
supervisor: Assistant Prof. Suryawanshi Sir. Their
inspiring guidance, rich experience and sustained
encouragement enabled me to develop an intensive
understanding of my research area. Without the
generous help of my supervisor, this work would not
have been possible. I am honored to have Prof. Prof.
Suryawanshi Sir from A.C.Patil College as my
opponent. I thank him for his kind support and helpful
suggestions during the discussions in my MCA.
REFERENCES :
1] Future of android (http://news.bbc.co.uk)
[2] Open source os – The future of mobile (By
Juniper Research)
[3] Kamboj Gupta,(2012) ―Mobile Operating
Systems, International Journal of Engineering
Innovation & Research, Volume 1, Issue 2, ISSN:
2277 – 5668, Pp 115-120
[4] Android by 2012, a study on the present and
future of Google‘s Android by Dotcom Infoway
[5] Gaurav Jindal (2012) -A Comparative Study of
Mobile Phone‘s Operating Systems, International
Journal of Computer Applications and Information
Technology , volume 1,issue 3, ISSN: 2278-7720
[6] Top Smartphone Operating Systems, Shipments,
and Market Share
IDC(www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS236
38712)
[7] A Survey of Mobile Malware in the Wild
Adrienne Porter Felt, Matthew Finifter, Erika Chin,
Steven Hanna, and David Wagner , University of
California, Berkele
www.cs.berkeley.edu/~emc/papers/mobilemalware.p
df
[8] Number of available Android applications
www.appbrain.com/stats/number-of-android-apps )
[9] WHAT IS ANDROID ? (
HTTP://DEVELOPER.ANDROID.COM )
[10] Google Android: An Emerging Software
Platform For mobile devices Nisarg Gandhewar et al.
/ International Journal on Computer Science and
Engineering (IJCSE)
[11]Cynogen Mod:
(http://www.theverge.com/2015/3/2/8130213/cyanog
en-new-branding-qualcomm-reference-device)
[12]What is Cynogen Mod:
http://indiatoday.intoday.in/technology/story/cyanoge
nmod-working-with-micromax-rejects-googles-$1billion-offer/1/393970.html