Download Leavening Agents in Baked Goods

Leavening Agents
in Baked Goods
What is it?
Leavening baked goods is a process that causes the product to be
light and porous.. Leavening involves producing a gas that
expands the batter or dough leaving holes as the dough/batter
sets during the baking process
The most widely used
leavening agents are:
 Baking soda
 Baking powder Yeast
Steam and air also
considered leavening agents:
 Steam is created when a very hot 400 degree oven is used. These
high temperatures cause the liquid in the recipe to create steam.
The egg and gluten in the batter forms around the steam to create
the structure of the product as we see in popovers.
 Air is used as a leavening agent when fat; sugar and sifted flour
are mixed with an electric blender. During this process protein
from the gluten is trap the air bubbles to create a light and fluffy
product.
Quick Breads/Muffins
 Quick breads all contain flour, liquid and salt. Depending upon the
recipe they may also contain fat, sugar and eggs. There are foud
categories of quick breads depending upon the flour to liquid ratio
in the product. The categories include:
 Pour batters: popovers, pancakes, cream puffs._ 1:1 flour liquid
ratio
 Drop batters: muffins and some cookies. _ 2:1 flour to liquid ratio.
 Soft dough’s: biscuits and scones_ 3:1 flour to liquid ratio
 Stiff Dough: pasta and pie crust._6/8:1 flour to liquid ratio
Yeast
 Yeast is a microscopic organism that works as a leavening agent.
Yeast is considered a fungus related to the mushroom family.
Yeast cells multiply and grow best when handled with care and
allowed to grow where it is warm (105-110 F ) and moist. And
when it is combined with the proper food ( flour/sugar), liquid and
warm temperature yeast produces carbon dioxide, expands and
grows. This process causes the dough to expand and rise.
How do ingredients react
to Yeast?
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SUGAR: is the food yeast needs to make the carbon dioxide gas which
causes the dough to rise. It also helps the crust to brown and adds flavor
FAT: helps to extend the shelf life of the dough. It also helps the dough to
stretch easily when forming the crust.
FLOUR: when stirred and kneaded with the yeast mixture, the gluten
stretches to form the elastic framework that holds the gas bubbles formed
by the yeast. This makes the structure of the crust. The amount and
quality of gluten caries depending upon the type of flour used.**Flours
with the most gluten produce products with the biggest volume. The
amount of flour needed for your dough varies slightly depending upon the
weather conditions and type of flour used.
LIQUID: all liquids must be at the proper temperature to dissolve the
yeast without killing it
SALT: slows down the action of the yeast as well as draws out the flavor
of the other ingredients.
USING WHOLE WHEAT
FLOUR
 Whole wheat flour has less gluten than white flour. Whole wheat
will produce a heavier and more flavorful pizza dough. Because of
the increased fiber content it will not rise as high and will produce
a denser chewier crust.
Kneading
Use a flat surface that has a small amount of flour on it ( ¼ to ½).
Also rub flour on your hands
 Form the dough into a round ball
 Fold it towards you.
 Using the heels of your hands, push dough away with a rolling
motion.
 Turn dough one quarter turn around and repeat until dough is
smooth and elastic (8 to 10 minutes)
 If dough becomes sticky, sprinkle board with flour under the dough
and rub more flour on your hands.
Rising
 Rising time caries depending upon method used
 The dough should double in size
 To check this press the tips of two fingers lightly and quickly ½
inch into dough.
 If the dent stays it has doubled.
Punching down the dough
 Using your fist punch dough down by gently pressing your fist
down into the center
 This action helps to eliminate the large air bubbles.
 It also helps to build up the elasticity and makes the lighter more
tender and easier to shape into your final creation.