Download The Femur

The Femur
Proximal Femur
• Head of the femur
– Fovea capitis
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Neck of the femur
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Intertrochanteric line
Intertrochanteric crest
Head of the femur
• Articular surface which articulates with the
acetabulum of the coxal bone
• Fovea capitis
– Pit in head of femur
– Attachment of the ligamentum teres (ligament
of the head of the femur)
Neck of the femur
• Distal attachment of synovial membrane
and articular capsule of the hip joint to the
distal part of the neck
• The joint capsule forms a cylindrical sleeve
that encloses the hip joint and most of the
neck
Greater Trochanter
• Attachment site for many muscles
• Lateral surface
– Insertion of gluteus medius muscle
• Medial surface
– Insertion of superior gemellus, obturator
internus, and inferior gemellus muscles through
a common tendon
• Gluteus medius
• Common insertion
of superior and
inferior gemelli and
the obturator
internus muscles
• Trochanteric fossa
– Pit on medial surface
of greater trochanter
– Insertion of
obturator externus
muscle
• Superior border of
greater trochanter
– Insertion of
piriformis muscle
• Anterior border of
greater trochanter
– Insertion of gluteus
minimus muscle
• Posterior border
– Rounded free edge
Intertrochanteric Line
• Anterior surface of femur
– Rough line on femur
– Attachment of iliofemoral ligament (Yligament of Bigelow)
– Attachment of pubofemoral ligament
Intertrochanteric Crest
• Posterior surface of femur
• Prominent ridge on femur
• Connects the greater and lesser trochanters
Shaft of the Femur
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Anterior surface
Lateral surface
Medial surface
Posterior aspect of femur
– Linea aspera
• Superior extensions
• Inferior extensions
Anterior Surface
of Femur
• Upper ¾
– Origin of vastus
intermedius muscle
• Lower ¼
– Origin of articularis
genu muscle
Lateral and Medial Surface of
Femur
• Lateral Surface of Femur
– Upper ¾: Origin of vastus intermedius muscle
• Medial Surface of Femur
– Covered by vastus medialis muscle which is not
attached to it
Posterior Aspect of the Shaft of
the Femur – linea aspera
• Medial lip – origin of the vastus medialis
muscle
• Lateral lip – origin of the vastus lateralis
muscle and the short head of the biceps
femoris muscle
• Intermediate lip – insertion of the adductor
brevis, longus and magnus muscles
Superior extensions of the linea aspera
• Gluteal tuberosity
– Lateral superior extension of linea aspera
– Insertion of deep fibers of gluteus maximus
• Pectineal line
– Extension of linea aspera toward the lesser
trochanter – Insertion of pectineus muscle
• Spiral line
– Continuation of medial lip around medial
border of femur – part of origin of vastus
medialis muscle
Inferior extensions of the linea aspera
• Medial supracondylar ridge
– Origin of vastus medialis muscle
– Insertion of adductor magnus muscle
• Lateral supracondylar ridge
– Origin of vastus lateralis muscle
– Origin of short head of the biceps femoris
msucle
– Origin of plantaris muscle
Distal End of Femur
• Medial and lateral condyle
• Patellar surface
• Medial epicondyle
– Adductor tubercle
• Lateral epicondyle
• Intercondylar fossa
• Condyles of the femur
– Medial and lateral condyles
– Articulate with the medial and lateral condyles
of the tibia
• Patellar Surface
– Articulates with posterior surface of patella
Medial Epicondyle
• Attachment of medial (tibial) collateral
ligament
• Origin of medial head of gastrocnemius
muscle from posterior epicondyle
• Adductor tubercle
– Superior to medial epicondyle
– Insertion of adductor magnus muscle
Lateral Epicondyle
• Attachment of lateral (fibular) collateral
ligament
• Above posterior lateral epicondyle – origin
of lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle
• Posterior depression – origin of popliteus
muscle
– The muscle tendon travels through a groove on
the lateral epicondyle
Intercondylar fossa (notch)
• Intercondylar ridge – upper limit of fossa on
the posterior aspect of the femur
– Joint capsule follows the ridge
• Lateral wall
– Attachment of ACL to posterior and upper wall
• Medial wall
– Attachment of PCL to lower and anterior wall