Download Urban-4

Internal
Structure of
City
Urban Land Use
Pattern
Types of Land Use
• There are different types of land
use such as
• Commercial land use
• Residential land use
• Industrial land use
• Institutional land use
• Transportation land use
• Recreational land use
Functional Segregation
• Similar activities tend to aggregate
together because of
• Similar locational requirements and
• External economies of scale
• different types activities are
separated from each other because
• Different locational requirements
• Different rent-paying ability
• Conflicts amongst them
Bid Rent Mechanism
• Land rent decreases with increasing
distance from city centre
• competition for land and accessibility
push up the land value/rent
• different land use has different rent
curve
• because they have different demand
for accessibility and space
Commercial land use
• needs large number of people to
support their business
• Greater market threshold
• highest demand for accessibility
• require less space
• Can afford higher rent
Residential land use
• Accessibility is not important
• require more space (especially high
class residential area)
• cannot afford high rent
Industrial land use
• Accessibility is not very important
– require large area of space
• cannot afford high unit rent
• There is great difference between
light and heavy industry
Bid Rent Curve
Rent ($/m2)
commercial
industrial
residential
City
centre
Distance (km)
Bid Rent Curve
Rent ($/m2)
commercial
industrial
residential
City
centre
Distance (km)
Demand for Space
• High order retailing business locates
nearer to _______________
comparing with wholesaling business
because it can afford higher rent
and occupies ____________ space.
• High class residential area locates
____________________ city
centre so as to get more space.
• Heavy industries locate in suburban
because ____________________
is needed.
Concentric Model
C.B.D.
Transition Zone
Low class
residential
Middle class
residential
Commuter’s
zone
Industrial area can be found
along the __________and
river
railway
__________because
Low class residential areas are
located next to ___________and
C.B.D.
___________________
because
industrial area
High class residential area can
sea shore
also be found next to _________
the Governor’s house
and _______________________
because
It is also be located away from
industrial area
__________________
because
Mutual Relationship between
Different Types of Land Use
• Some land uses are mutually
exclusive
• Some land uses are mutually support
• This will lead to segregation and
aggregation of land uses
Impact of transport network
Industrial
area
Middle class
residential area
High class
residential area
Low class
residential area
• Multiple
Nuclei
Model
Burgess
Concentric
Model
Hoyt
Sectoral
Model
Harris &
Ullman
Multiple
nuclei
Model
Other Factors
• Government planning
– New town planning
– Land use zoning
– Urban renewal
• Physical factors
e.g. Relief
• Historical factors
• Behavioural factors
• Central Business District(C.B.D.) is
heart
located at __________
of the city.
• Since the C.B.D. is near to the docks
and harbour, it is believed that the
port
early function of the city was ____.
• The rise of regional centres because
• At some junction of arterial / major
transport routes
• Relatively high accessibility
• Especially accessible to the local
population
• Reach the market threshold of some
middle order goods / services
Hierarchy of Business Centre
•C.B.D.
•Regional
business
centres
•Community
business
centres
Rent
Rent
Distance
community
function
regional
function
Distance
If the level of accessibility of the
street junction deteriorates as a
result of urban blight, how would the
bid-rent curves and land use pattern
be affected? Rent
Distance
Main road
Higher
accessibility
Side street
Example
Regional centre Mong Kok,
Causeway Bay
Community
Centre
Neighbourhood
Centre
Shun Lee
Shopping centre
Shun On
Shopping centre
specialized functional
commercial areas
•
•
•
•
•
•
External economies of scale /
Agglomeration benefits
Reputation
Similar requirements
Ancillary services
e.g. Golden Shopping Centre
highway-oriented shopping
ribbons
Burgess
Concentric
Model
Hoyt
Sectoral
Model
Harris &
Ullman
Multiple
nuclei
Model
Vertical Zonation
Zone A
Shipping
Floor
Trading
Fitness
Trading
Trading
Solicitor
Accounta
nt
Doctor
Audit
firm
Accounta
nt
Dentist
Airline
Jewelry
City centre
Zone B
Residenti
al
Residenti
al
Labour
union
Travel
agent
Boutique
Residenti
al
Residenti
al
Fast food
Supermar
ket
Residenti
al
Residenti
al
Residenti
al
Chinese
Herb
Distance from city centre
Zone C
Residenti
al
Residenti
al
Residenti
al
Residenti
al
Residenti
al
•Zone A is • Central Business District
•Zone B is • Mixed land use zone
•Zone C is • Residential area
Central Business District
Characteristics of CBD
• heart of city
• focus of major
transport routes
• highest accessibility
• limited space
• keen competition of
land use
• highest rent
• tall buildings
• modern buildings
• high order
retailing business
• airline companies
• traffic congestion
• vertical zonation
• Central District
• Tsim Sha Tsui
Mixed land use
• Urban decay
• slum / poor living
environment
• lack of open space
• traffic congestion
• Pollution
• hawkers
• poor sanitation
• high crime rate
Mixed land use
• Lower buildings
• vertical zonation - commercial land use
occupies the lower floors
• residential land use occupies the upper
floors
• higher order shops are located at main
streets; lower order shops are located at
side-streets
• factories and workshops are found in
back street
Urban Population Density
Population
Density
City
Centre
Distance
Change of Population
Population Density over time
Density
Urban expansion
City
Centre
Distance
Comparison
Western Vs Non-western Cities
Western City
Non-western City
Suburbanization
counter-urbanization
Good transport
network
Good economic
development
Well-developed
C.B.D.
Rural-urban migration
influx of population
Poor tarnsportation
development
Poor economic
development
Limited high order
business
Urban sprawl, suburbanization,
counter-urbanization
Urban push
Rural pull