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Chap 13
Theories of Personality
Copyright © Pearson Education, 2009
Definitional and
Application Slides
2
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.2
The division of the mind that is very similar to short term
memory in that it contains all the information a person is
currently using and aware of is called:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
Conscience
Subconscious
3
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.2
The division of the mind that is very similar to short term
memory in that it contains all the information a person is
currently using and aware of is called:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Conscious (p. 519-520)
Preconscious
Unconscious
Conscience
Subconscious
4
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.2
A person who experiences great hunger decides to just
push people out of the way on the line to a grocery store.
Which personality structure dominated the behavior of
this person?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ego ideal
Superego
Id
Conscience
Libido
5
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.2
A person who experiences great hunger decides to just
push people out of the way on the line to a grocery store.
Which personality structure dominated the behavior of
this person?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ego ideal
Superego
Id (p. 520)
Conscience
Libido
6
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.2
According to Freud, during what stage of personality
development do most children identify with the same sex
parent as a means of helping to develop appropriate
understanding of gender roles?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
7
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.2
According to Freud, during what stage of personality
development do most children identify with the same sex
parent as a means of helping to develop appropriate
understanding of gender roles?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Oral
Anal
Phallic (p. 523-524)
Latency
Genital
8
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.3
The Neo-Freudians (e.g., Jung, Horney) disagreed with all
of the following ideas of Freud’s psychoanalysis EXCEPT:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Great emphasis on sexuality in personality
development
The unconscious as part of the mind that stores simple
anxieties and sexual and aggressive urges
The idea that women are inferior to men, developing
feelings such as penis envy
Little emphasis on the influence of social relationships
on personality development
The use of defense mechanisms to mask anxiety
9
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.3
The Neo-Freudians (e.g., Jung, Horney) disagreed with all
of the following ideas of Freud’s psychoanalysis EXCEPT:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Great emphasis on sexuality in personality
development
The unconscious as part of the mind that stores simple
anxieties and sexual and aggressive urges
The idea that women are inferior to men, developing
feelings such as penis envy
Little emphasis on the influence of social relationships
on personality development
The use of defense mechanisms to mask anxiety
(p. 525-527)
10
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.5
According to the strictest behaviorist view, personality
development is influenced primarily by ______________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
self-efficacy
reciprocal determinism
habits
self-concept
cognitive processes
11
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.5
According to the strictest behaviorist view, personality
development is influenced primarily by ______________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
self-efficacy
reciprocal determinism
habits (p. 529)
self-concept
cognitive processes
12
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.5
Jessica has experienced many successes in playing
basketball and is encouraged by others of her competence;
however, she has a low assessment of her basketball
abilities. She is most likely to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Have very high self-efficacy
Have very low self-efficacy
Have moderate self-efficacy
Never expect to succeed in basketball in the future
Avoid playing basketball again in the future
13
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.5
Jessica has experienced many successes in playing
basketball and is encouraged by others of her competence;
however, she has a low assessment of her basketball
abilities. She is most likely to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Have very high self-efficacy
Have very low self-efficacy
Have moderate self-efficacy (p. 530)
Never expect to succeed in basketball in the future
Avoid playing basketball again in the future
14
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.6
Billy’s parents show him love and affection when he
brings home a report card with straight As. When he does
not receive straight As in school, his parents become
distant and cold. It is likely that Billy is experiencing
_______________________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
conditional positive regard
unconditional positive regard
self-actualization
mismatch between real self and ideal self
full functioning
15
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.6
Billy’s parents show him love and affection when he
brings home a report card with straight As. When he does
not receive straight As in school, his parents become
distant and cold. It is likely that Billy is experiencing
_______________________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
conditional positive regard (p. 532)
unconditional positive regard
self-actualization
mismatch between real self and ideal self
full functioning
16
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.7
Which of the following statements about trait theories is
FALSE?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
They can be used to describe behavior.
They can be used to predict behavior.
They can be used to explain behavior.
Traits involve consistent, enduring ways of thinking,
feeling, and behaving.
They are not very concerned with changing an
individual’s personality.
17
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.7
Which of the following statements about trait theories is
FALSE?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
They can be used to describe behavior.
They can be used to predict behavior.
They can be used to explain behavior. (p. 534)
Traits involve consistent, enduring ways of thinking,
feeling, and behaving.
They are not very concerned with changing an
individual’s personality.
18
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.7
Organized, reliable, neat, and ambitious are all _________
traits of the more basic trait of consciousness.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
source
surface
temperament
cardinal
character
19
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.7
Organized, reliable, neat, and ambitious are all _________
traits of the more basic trait of consciousness.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
source
surface (p. 535-536)
temperament
cardinal
character
20
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.7
Which of the following Big Five personality traits is
associated with traits such as good natured, trusting, and
helpful?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Openness
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Consciousness
Extraversion
21
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.7
Which of the following Big Five personality traits is
associated with traits such as good natured, trusting, and
helpful?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Openness
Agreeableness (p. 536)
Neuroticism
Consciousness
Extraversion
22
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.8
Twin studies examining the influence of biology on
personality suggest that personality traits have a heritability
of ____________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
25-50%
5-10%
75-90%
95-99%
0-4%
23
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.8
Twin studies examining the influence of biology on
personality suggest that personality traits have a heritability
of ____________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
25-50% (p. 538-539)
5-10%
75-90%
95-99%
0-4%
24
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.8
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of Hofstede’s
dimensions of cultural personality?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Individualism/collectivism
Power distance
Masculinity/femininity
Uncertainty avoidance
Universal rituals
25
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.8
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of Hofstede’s
dimensions of cultural personality?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Individualism/collectivism
Power distance
Masculinity/femininity
Uncertainty avoidance
Universal rituals (p. 539-540)
26
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.9
In a job interview, Jack accidentally stumbles over a chair
as he approaches his potential employer to shake his hand.
From that point on, the employer perceives everything that
Jack says as evidence to suggest that he is clumsy and
careless. This is an example of what?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Halo effect
Projection
Subjectivity of interview methods
Social desirability bias
The effect of the interviewer’s belief systems or
prejudices
27
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.9
In a job interview, Jack accidentally stumbles over a chair
as he approaches his potential employer to shake his hand.
From that point on, the employer perceives everything that
Jack says as evidence to suggest that he is clumsy and
careless. This is an example of what?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Halo effect (p. 542)
Projection
Subjectivity of interview methods
Social desirability bias
The effect of the interviewer’s belief systems or
prejudices
28
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.9
Which of the following methods would most likely be used
by a psychoanalyst to assess personality?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Projective tests
Interview
Direct observation
Inventory
Case studies
29
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.9
Which of the following methods would most likely be used
by a psychoanalyst to assess personality?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Projective tests (p. 542-543)
Interview
Direct observation
Inventory
Case studies
30
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.9
The personality test that is most concerned with assessing
abnormalities in personality is called:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Keirsey Temperament Sorter
Myers-Briggs Inventory
MMPI-2
Big Five Personality Inventory
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
31
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 13.9
The personality test that is most concerned with assessing
abnormalities in personality is called:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Keirsey Temperament Sorter
Myers-Briggs Inventory
MMPI-2 (p. 545-546)
Big Five Personality Inventory
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
32
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Critical Thinking & Student
Opinion Slides
33
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Which is correct?
Similar upbringings lead to similarities in
children’s personalities.
• True
• False
34
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Which is correct?
Similar upbringings lead to similarities in
children’s personalities.
• True
• False
35
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Which is correct?
Inkblot tests are good indicators of
underlying personality traits.
• True
• False
36
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Which is correct?
Inkblot tests are good indicators of
underlying personality traits.
• True
• False
37
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Which is correct?
Freud believed that sex was the only
important drive in personality.
• True
• False
38
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Which is correct?
Freud believed that sex was the only
important drive in personality.
• True
• False
39
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Which is correct?
There is strong evidence for the concept of
“national character.”
• True
• False
40
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Which is correct?
There is strong evidence for the concept of
“national character.”
• True
• False
41
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Consider the following. What would
you do?
You are very hungry. You go to the student
center and
A. eat off the first plate that you see
B. wait to buy your own food
42
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Consider the following. What would
you do?
You have a big exam coming up, and you
don’t have enough time to study. You
A. Try to figure out a way to cheat
B. Try to make time to study
43
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Consider the following. What would
you do?
You are very angry at your friend. You
A. Immediately scream at them
B. Try to talk to them to explain your
feelings
44
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
On the previous three questions, I
answered “A” (id)
A. on all of them
B. Once
C. Twice
D. Three times
45
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education