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Wound Management of
Cancer patient
Mi-Jin Lee
Samsung medical center
Wound Management of
Cancer patient
학습목표
1. 암 상처와 암과 관련된 상처에 대해 설명할 수 있다.
2. 암 상처의 특성에 대해 설명할 수 있다.
3. 암 상처의 관리 목표를 말할 수 있다.
4. 암 상처의 5가지 주요 측면을 설명할 수 있다.
5. 암 상처의 5가지 주요 측면에 대한 중재를 말할 수 있다.
6. chemotherapy와 관련된 피부문제와 적절한 중재를 말할 수
있다.
7. Radiation과 관련된 피부문제와 적절한 중재를 말할 수 있다.
8. GHVD와 관련된 피부문제와 적절한 중재를 말할 수 있다.
Skin problem of Cancer patient
 암 자체에 의한 문제
– Malignant wound - primary malignant disease, Cutaneous metastasis
 암 치료와 관련된 문제
– Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biotherapy, Surgery
• 기타 질병관련 문제
– 영양장애, 부종, 감염, 황달, 실금 등
Skin problem of Cancer patient
 1. Malignant wounds
2. Chemotherapy와 관련된 피부문제
3. Radiation therapy와 관련된 피부문제
4. GVHD와 관련된 피부문제
Malignant wound
1.Definition
ulcerating malignant skin lesion
A cancerous lesion involving the skin which is open and may be
draining (BCCA,1997)
-primary cancer
-metastasis to the skin from a local tumor
-metastasis th the skin from distant site
Malignant wound
2. Incidence
1) incidence is unknown
2) estimated 5% to 10% of patients with metastases will develop malignant
wound
3) usually occur in the last six months of life more likely to occur in older
patients.
3. Etiology
1) breast(most common), head & neck, melanoma, sarcoma, kidney
ovary, lung, colon, penis, bladder, leukemia, lymphoma
2) usually occurs via the lymphatics, perineural space, blood stream or
directly from primary lesion
3) metastatic wound usually have a poor out come.
Malignant wound
4. Pathophysiology
tumor의 local extension, epithelium이나 이를 지지하는 조직으로의
tumor embolization으로 발생
 take the place of platelet
 produce a decrease in leukocyte in wound bed
 혈관투과성 인자 분비  hyperpermeability  영양분, 산소공급 증가
 unregulate growth, large fibrous exudate
lack of the ability to contract
growth factor  분비 병변 크기증가  맥관 구조 상실, 손상
 vascular perfusion ischemia, necrosis
혈관파괴
조직허혈
암세포
혈관폐쇄
혈류차단
조직 생존력
상실
Malignant Wound Management
5. Assessment
ASSESSMENT
DESCRIPTION
PARAMETER
Appearance
Necrosis, slough, bleeding, ulceration
Odor
Sweet, foul (offensive)
Drainage/exudate
Clear, thick, thin : low, moderate, copious
amount
Presence of infection
Increased drainage : fever, leukocytosis
Periwound skin
Erythemia, maceration, edema,
tenderness, maculopapular rash
Size & shape of site
Interference with dressing application
Malignant Wound Management
5. Intervention
1) Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, surgery,
cryotherapy, laser therapy
2) Epithelial cell의 증식이 어렵고, vascularity의 변화로 치료의 예후
는 좋지 않음.
3) Normal wound의 치유 및 관리 및 치유원칙을 바탕으로 care plan
을 세울 것.
4) 암 상처관리의 목표 - 삶의 부정적인 영향을 최소화
안위증진, 상처치유 환경조성
상처주변 피부의 통합성 유지
수분 및 전해질 불균형 예방
5) 암 환자의 상처관리의 주요 측면 – Necrosis, Odor, Exudate,
Bleeding, Infection, Pain
Malignant Wound Management
 Necrosis
 Fungating tumor 성장 >혈액공급속도
→ 괴사조직 형성
→악취
→괴사조직 제거(Debridement)
 Debridement
• Surgical excision/sharp debridement
• Mechanical debridement
• Enzymatic debridement
 Autolytic debridement
 Biological debridement
Malignant Wound Management
 Debridement
Malignant Wound Management
 Wound cleansing
• Cleansing solution- saline 이용
• Dressing 교환시마다 20~50cc의 saline이 필요
larger, fungating wound - 250cc 이상 필요
( bacterial load를 효과적으로 감소)
• 방법 : saline-soaked gauze로 soaking
wound에 solution을 poring
spray bottle or piston syringe 이용
• Irrigation pressure
– Moist wound cleansing : 5-8 psi
– necrotic tissue, 다량의 exudates : 5-15 psi
그 이상의 압력은 심각한 조직손상을 유발
Malignant Wound Management
 Odor
 삶의 질에 영향을 주는 심각한 문제
 냄새의 원인- bacterial invasion, necrotic tissue
 Cleansing - bacteria와 exudate 제거
0.25% Dakin’s solution(괴사조직 용해)
4% chlorhexidine gluconate
odorproof pouch
1% metronidazole solution
0.75% metronidazole gel
deodorizing spray, chacoal dressing
Malignant Wound Management
 Other strategies
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Frequent dressing change
Frequent bed linen changes
Well-ventilated areas for dressing changes
Frequent gentle cleansing of the wound with normal saline
External room deodorizers
Pouching of the wound with wound manager systems or
ostomy/urostomy bags to contain the odor instead of dressings
Malignant Wound Management
 Exudate
 원인: VPF분비  hyperpermeability
infection
 decrease the bacterial load  antimicrobial
 foam, alginate, hydrofiber, absorptive
powder, wound drainage pouchs
 periwound protection
• suitable alcohol-free barriers
• placing thin hydrocolloid strips
around the wound
Malignant Wound Management
 Bleeding
 약해진 혈관, capillary oozing, platelet function  출혈 경향
 Trauma 발생을 예방하는 것이 중요
• 드레싱 제거시 손상 예방
괴사조직제거는 자가 분해법 사용
외과적, 화학적 방법은 신중
• Avoid frequent, unnecessary dressing changes
• 지혈제, 지혈 및 흡수효과가 있는 비접착성 드레싱
:hydrocolloid, powder, calcium alginate, hydrofiber
• 지속적인 출혈발생시 방사선조사(2-4Gy/일)
Malignant Wound Management
•
•
•
•
•
질산은(AgNO3) cauterization
Topical epinephrine 1:1000
Oral antifibrinolytics, tranexamic
Surgical hemostatic sponges, surgicel
Silver nitrate sticks and topical thrombin
 Other strategies
• 혈액 흡수를 위해 짙은 수건 가지고 다니도록 설명
• 비접착성 보호 드레싱 이용, 헐거운 옷 입도록
• anxiety높을경우 sedative고려
Malignant Wound Management
 infection
 Wound의 bacterial infiltration이 흔함
 원인균 – E coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa
proteus, klebsiella
 Normal wound의 defensive phase의
염증반응과 구별
 Sign of infection
• Prolonged or unusual inflammation
• Yellow fibin slough or necrotic tissue
• Increase wound pain/tenderness
• Heavy or malodorous exudate
Malignant Wound Management
 Infection – 105이상의 bacteria가 존재
 항생제처방, topical antibiotics가 효과적일 수 있음.
 Silver제품
aquacel Ag
acticoat
 Wound drainage와 odor assess
• yellow purulent drainage - staphylococcus organism
• green drainage - pseudomonas involvement
• fruity odor – staphylococcus
• foul-smelling - gram-negative wound
Malignant Wound Management
 Pain

Three types of pain
• noncyclic acute pain is pain that
occurs in a single episode
• occurring with each dressing change.
• chronic wound pain

Pharmacological strategies
• nociceptive pain: opioids and nonopioids
• neuropathic pain: Opioid and nonopioids
anticonvulsants
antidepressants
• Topical analgesic : lidocaon spray
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
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