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2010 Spring Final Exam Review I’m ready to kick a _ _ on this final exam! . Ditto that, Kickboy! 1. Describe the ethnic makeup of the Balkan Peninsula: Very diverse: Serbs, Croats, Bosnians, Albanians, Christians, Muslims, Gypsies 2. What country dominated Eastern Europe after World War II? Soviet Union 3. Why is Eastern Europe considered a cultural crossroads? Many groups passed through the region over the centuries 4. Define: satellite nation A nation dominated by another country 5. Define: market economy Economic system in which production of goods & services is determined by demand from consumers 6. Define: anti-Semitism: Discrimination against Jewish people 7. Why did Eastern European countries move from farming to industry? The Soviet Union, which controlled Eastern Europe, wanted to industrialize 8. What religious leader helped to both liberate Poland from the Soviet Union and to bring an end to the Soviet Union and Communism in Eastern Europe? Pope John Paul II 9. Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes once were part of a country known as: Yugoslavia 10. Define: ethnic cleansing Policy of trying to eliminate an ethnic group 11. What led to the bloody conflict in the Balkans, especially the former Yugoslavia? Ethnic & religious differences 12. How was Eastern Europe’s environment affected by years of Soviet domination and industrialization? Terrible air, water and soil pollution: 13. City established by Czar Peter the Great on the Baltic Sea: St. Petersburg 14. What ended the rule of the czars? Russian Revolution of 1917 – takeover of Russia by the Bolsheviks 15. Country formed in Northern Eurasia by the Communist Party in 1922: U.S.S.R./ Soviet Union 16. Conflict that existed between the U.S. & U.S.S.R. after WWII: Cold War 17. Group that came from Scandinavia in the 800s A.D. and settled in Russia: Vikings 18. Mongols who invaded th Russia in the 13 century were called: Tartars 19. Powerful prince who put an end to Mongol rule in Russia in the 1500s: Ivan the Great 20. Majority ethnic group of Russia: ethnic Russians 21. Names of the Baltic Republics: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania 22. Joseph Stalin’s main goal for the Soviet Union: rapid industrialization 23. Dominant religion and language of Russia: Orthodox Christianity/ Russian 24. German whose ideas led to the economic/ political system called Communism: Karl Marx 25. Which artists – writers, composers, etc. – represent the cultural heritage of Russia: Pushkin, Dostoyevsky, Stravinsky, Tchaikovsky 26. Land, mines, factories, banks where controlled by whom in the Soviet economic system: the government 27. Result of the Soviet experiment in Northern Eurasia: a complete failure 28. Current president of Russia: D. Medvedev 29. Oldest monotheistic religion: Judaism 30. German priest who started the Reformation: Martin Luther 31. Sacred city for Jews, Christians & Muslims: Jerusalem 32. Most sacred book of Islam: Holy Qu’ran: 33. Prophet who founded Islam: Muhammad 34. Person who leads prayers & rituals of Judaism: rabbi 35. Original followers of Jesus: apostles 36. Rite of passage for Jewish teenage boys: Bar Mitzvah 37. Pilgrimage to Mecca: Hajj 38 Muslim house of prayer: mosque 39. First split in Christianity (1054 A.D.) created this church: Orthodox Christian 40. Jewish text containing the Ten Commandments: Torah 41. Role of the muezzin: to call Muslims to prayer 42. Meaning of “Islam”: submission to God, or peace 43. Slender tower of a mosque: minaret 44. Most strict form of Judaism: Orthodox Judaism 45. Sayings of Muhammad found in this: Hadith 46. Holy month of fasting in Islam: Ramadan 47. Holiest of Jewish holy days: Sabbath 48. Birthplace of Jesus Christ: Bethlehem 49. Sometimes radical minority of Islam: Shi’ite 50. World headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church: Vatican City 51. Food that is “fit to eat” in Judaism: kosher 52. Main difference between Catholics & Protestants: Protestants do not recognize the Pope as a leader of their church 53. Devout Muslims do this five times a day: pray, facing Mecca 54. Moses, Isaiah & Muhammad are called: prophets 55. Main difference between Christians & Jews: Jews do not recognize Jesus Christ as the Messiah 56. Religion that dominates Southwest Asia: Islam 57. Leader of prayer in a mosque: imam 58. Place where Muslims position themselves while praying: Towards the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia 59. Jewish house of prayer & worship: synagogue, or temple 60. They first brought Christianity to the Americas: missionaries from Spain, Portugal & France 61. 66-volume work that interprets Jewish scripture: Talmud: 62. Christian concept of three persons in one God: trinity 63. Group that controls oil process worldwide: OPEC 64. They fought a war with Iran from 1980-1990: Iraq 65. Reason why nations in SW Asia cannot base their economies totally on oil: The world price of oil moves up and down with the market 66. Movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine: Zionism 67. Country that liberated Kuwait in Persian Gulf War: United States 68. 83% of Muslims belong to this branch: : Sunni 69. Ethnic group in Turkey, Iran & Iraq that lacks official territory: Kurds 70. Saudi Arabia uses its oil profits to develop this: infrastructure and water processing projects 71. Organization formed to regain land for Palestinian Arabs: PLO/ Palestine Liberation Organization 72. Holiest Jewish site in Jerusalem: Western, or Wailing, Wall 73. Right which Palestinians demand in Israel: The “right of return” to native lands 74. Muslim holy site in Jerusalem: Dome of the Rock 75. Present-day Iraq was once site of this ancient civilization: Mesopotamia 76. Large desert in Saudi Arabia: Rub al-Khali (Empty Quarter) 77. Nation which took U.S. hostages during an Islamic Revolution in 1979: : Iran 78. Group displaced with the creation of Israel: Palestinians 79. Former Muslim regime of Afghanistan: Taliban 80. Location of the Negev Desert: southern Israel 81. Empire that once was located in Iran: : Persian Empire 82. Rivers that form the Fertile Crescent in presentday Iraq: Tigris & Euphrates 83. Oil wealth in SW Asia caused many people to migrate from where to where: from villages to the cities 84. Dominant language of Southwest Asia: Arabic 85. Where do most Palestinians live: in refugee camps just outside Israel’s borders 86. SW Asia’s most valuable resource, besides oil: drinking water 87. Define Bedouins: nomadic desert dwellers who are the ancestors of Arab people 88. Countries which border the Persian Gulf: Oman, U.A.E., Qatar, Kuwait and Iran 89. Iran’s capital city: Tehran 90. Riyadh is capital of: Saudi Arabia 91. What took place as soon as Israel declared itself a country: It was immediately attacked by its Arab neighbors 92. Purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885? To prevent war among European powers by dividing control of Africa 93. Significance of Goree Island: major port for the European slave trade: 94. South Africa’s great hero: Nelson Mandela 95. Three great trading empires of West Africa: Ghana, Mali, Songhai 96. Ashanti people are most famous for this: asasia, or kente cloth: 97. Major ethnic group of East Africa: Masai 98. 95% of Egypt’s water comes from: Nile River 99. Africa’s highest mountain peak: Mt. Kilimanjaro 100. Causes of desertification: 100. Farming, overgrazing by animals and overpopulation 101. Nigeria’s oil is mostly found here: Niger River delta 102. Cruel Belgium monarch who opened up Africa’s interior to trade: King Leopold II of Belgium 103. Historic migration of African people that produced a diversity of cultures: Bantu migrations 104. Rain forest of Africa are located here: On, or near, the Equator 105. God-kings of ancient Egypt: pharaohs 106. Event in Rwanda in 1994: Massive genocide of Tutsis by the Hutus 107. Southern Africa’s most serious issue: HIV/ AIDs 108. Europeans interest in bringing slaves from Africa to the New World: Slaves provided labor for European plantations in the Americas 109. Majority of Southern Africans are__________speaking peoples. Bantu 110. Structure built to control flooding of the Nile River: Aswan High Dam 111. Largest lake in Africa: : Lake Victoria 112. How do the current boundaries & former tribal boundaries of Africa compare: They do not match-up at all 113. Period of Muslim rule in India, beginning in the 1500s: Mughal Empire 114. Rainiest period in South Asia: Summer, during the monsoons 115. Official language of India & dominant religion of India: Hindi/ Hinduism 116. Mountains where Mt. Everest is located: Himalayas 117. Territory fought over by India & Pakistan: Kashmir 118. Sacred river of all Hindus: : Ganges River 119. Founder of Buddhism around 600 B.C. in presentday Nepal: Siddhartha Gautama 120. Ancient civilization located in present-day Pakistan: Indus River Valley civilization 121. India’s most serious social problem: overpopulation 122. American civil rights leader who was inspired by Mohandas Gandhi: Martin Luther King Jr. 123. Most densely populated part of India: : Indo-Gangetic Plain 124. Dominant religion of Pakistan & Bangladesh: Islam 125. Hymns to the gods & sacred writings of the Hindus: vedas 126. India is the world’s largest___________________. democracy 127. Most remote countries in South Asia – located in the Himalayas: Nepal & Bhutan 128. Rivers that empty into the Bay of Bengal through Bangladesh: Ganges & Brahmaputra 129. Transportation system supervised by the British in India: : railroad 130. India & Pakistan both possess these dangerous weapons: nuclear 131. Monsoons are vital for this economic activity in South Asia: agriculture 132. This is essential to break the cycle of poverty in India: education: 133. Reason why farming is impractical in Nepal & Bhutan: Rugged terrain, little arable land 134. Goal of every religious Hindu: Freedom, or liberation, from the cycle of birth, death & rebirth 135. Define: karma Belief that all good and bad deeds we perform will come back to us in this life, or the next 136. Define: guru : A person who teaches through a good example or a good life 137. He led the struggle against the British rule of India: 137. Mohandas Gandhi 138. Condition of the Ganges River: 138. Very polluted 139. Worst result of British rule in India: 139. Indians were made to feel like second-class citizens in their own country 140. Mountain which is a sacred symbol of Japan: 140. Mt. Fuji 141. Two most important river of China: 141. Chang Jiang (Yangtze) and the Huang He (Yellow) 142. Vast desert that stretches across parts of China & Mongolia: 142. Gobi Desert 143. Name of world’s largest dam & the river it is being built on: 143. Three Gorges Dam/ Chang Jiang 144. Describe the climate of China: 144. Various climate zones, similar to those of the United States 145. China’s first dynasty that began in the 1700s B.C.: 145. Shang 146. China gets its name from the______Dynasty. China’s last dynasty was the______Dynasty, which lasted until 1911. Qin/ Qing 147. Europe gained access to th Chinese markets in the 19 century because: China’s government was inefficient and its military was weak 148. Put the following leaders in the order of when they influenced China: Sun Yat-sen Pu Yi (last emperor of China) Mao Zedong Chiang Kaishek Pu Yi, Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek, Mao Zedong 149. Who defeated the Nationalists in 1949 for control of China & Who led China in 1949? Communists under Mao Zedong 150. Where does most farming occur in China? Eastern river basins 151. What is the industrial heartland of China? Northeast China 152. East Asian countries most influenced by China: Korea and Japan 153. Important Chinese inventions include: 153. Paper, gunpowder, compass, porcelain, silk, fireworks, cast iron, moveable type 154. Chinese philosopher who stressed education and obedience to authority for a well-ordered society: 154. Confucius 155. This tradition is based on teachings of Lao-tzu who stressed harmony in the individual & the universe: 155. Daoism/ Taoism 156. China’s population is___________; most people live in the_______________. 156. 1.3 billion/ east 157. The great conqueror of Mongolia was named: 157. Ghengis Khan: 158. Chiang Kai-shek & the Nationalists fled to________in 1949. 158. Taiwan 159. Type of government Mongolia had for over 60 years: 159. Communist 160. What were the Three Kingdoms of Korea: 160. Koguryo, Paekche, Silla 161. Who controlled Korea from 1910 to 1945? Japan 162. 1950-1953: what was occurring on the Korean Peninsula: Korean War 163. What happened to the Korean Peninsula after 1953? It was divided into two countries: Communist North Korea & non-Communist South Korea 164. The most populated country on the Korean Peninsula is________________; its capital is_______________. 164. South Korea/ Seoul 165. Pyongyang is the _______________. 165. North Korea’s capital & largest city 166. What does the red circle on the flag of Japan represent? 166. The sun goddess 167. Where do most of the Japanese people live? 167. Large and small cities 168. What is Japan’s main island? : 168. Honshu 169. December 7, 1941: 169. Japanese Imperial Army attacked the U.S. at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii – the U.S. enters WWII 170. Which clan, who claimed descent from the sun goddess, became the first emperors of Japan? 170. Yamato 171. Japan’s capital, and the largest city on earth, is__________. 171. Tokyo 172. These generals of the emperor’s army ruled Japan for about 700 years: 172. shoguns 173. In the 1850s, who forced Japan to end its isolation from the world, using “gunboat diplomacy” 173. The United States Navy under Commodore Matthew Perry 174. What is significant about the cities of Hiroshima & Nagasaki? 174. both cities were destroyed by atomic bombs dropped by the U.S. at the end of World War II 175. Which Japanese city is a monument to Japanese culture? 175. Kyoto 176. Compare the Japanese school system with that of the U.S.: 175. schools in Japan are much more structured & they require more years to complete with shorter vacations 177. Define: global economy 177. the merging of regional economies in which nations become dependent on each other for goods & services 178. What are sweatshops? 178. workplaces where people work long hours for low pay under poor conditions to enrich manufacturers 179. Define: outback 179. The dry, unpopulated inland region of Australia 180. Often called the world’s largest coral reef: 180. The Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast of Australia 181. Define: archipelago 181. A set of closely grouped islands 182. Difference between high islands and low islands: 182. high islands were formed by volcanoes; low islands were formed from coral reefs 183. Why did European countries & Japan seek control in Southeast Asia? 183. to obtain wealth 184. Why did the United States become involved in Vietnam? 184. to prevent the spread of Communism from North Vietnam into South Vietnam 185. What was Indochina? 185. a French colony made up of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam 186. What was the result of the Vietnam War: 1957-1975? 186. South Vietnam surrendered and the North reunited the country as a Communist nation 187. What influences appear in Southeast Asia’s sculpture & architecture? 187. Hinduism & Buddhism 188. Which country in Southeast Asia was most affected by the 2004 Tsunami? 188. Indonesia 189. Three regions of Oceania: 189. Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia 190. Define: subsistence activity: 190. Activity in which a family produces only the food, clothing, and shelter they themselves need. 191. Who first settled New Zealand? 191. the Maori 192. Who were Australia’s original inhabitants? 192. The Aboriginal people 193. Who conquered the Australia’s Aboriginal people and New Zealand’s Maori? 193. The British 194. Define: assimilation: 194. Process in which a minority group gradually gives up its culture and adopts the culture of a majority group 195. What was the purpose of the Land Rights Act of 1976? 195. It gave Aboriginal people the right to claim land in the Northwest Territory of Australia 196. Define: industrialization: 196. The growth of industry in a country or a society 197. Define: push-pull factors: 197. They are those factors that cause people to leave their homeland and that attract people to other countries
