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CLAVICLE (collar bone)
1. Sternal extremity (end) –flat end
2. Acromial extremity (end) –rounded end
3. Conoid tubercle –near round end
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SCAPULA (shoulder blade). Right or left scapula?
1. Superior border (superior margin)
2. Medial border (vertebral margin)
3. Lateral border (axillary margin)
4. Inferior angle
5. Superior angle
6. Scapular spine
7. Acromion process
8. Coracoid process
9. Scapular notch (suprascapular notch)
10. Glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa)
11. Supraspinous fossa
12. Infraspinous fossa
13. Subscapular fossa
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SCAPULA (shoulder blade). Right or left scapula?
1. Superior border (superior margin)
2. Medial border (vertebral margin)
3. Lateral border (axillary margin)
4. Inferior angle
5. Superior angle
6. Scapular spine
7. Acromion process
8. Coracoid process
9. Scapular notch (suprascapular notch)
10. Glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa)
11. Supraspinous fossa
12. Infraspinous fossa
13. Subscapular fossa
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SCAPULA (shoulder blade). Right or left scapula?
1. Superior border (superior margin)
2. Medial border (vertebral margin)
3. Lateral border (axillary margin)
4. Inferior angle
5. Superior angle
6. Scapular spine
7. Acromion process
8. Coracoid process
9. Scapular notch (suprascapular notch)
10. Glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa)
11. Supraspinous fossa
12. Infraspinous fossa
13. Subscapular fossa
14. Infraglenoid tubercle
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HUMERUS. Right or left?
1. Head
2. Greater tubercle
3. Lesser tubercle
4. Surgical neck
5. Anatomical neck
6. Intertubercular groove (bicipital groove)
7. Deltoid tuberosity
8. Medial epicondyle
9. Lateral epicondyle
10. Capitulum
11. Trochlea
12. Olecranon fossa
13. Coronoid fossa
14. Radial fossa
15. Supracondylar ridges (medial and lateral)
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HUMERUS. Right or left?
1. Head
2. Greater tubercle
3. Lesser tubercle
4. Surgical neck
5. Anatomical neck
6. Intertubercular groove (bicipital groove)
7. Deltoid tuberosity
8. Medial epicondyle
9. Lateral epicondyle
10. Capitulum
11. Trochlea
12. Olecranon fossa
13. Coronoid fossa
14. Radial fossa
15. Supracondylar ridges (medial and lateral)
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HUMERUS. Right or left?
1. Head
2. Greater tubercle
3. Lesser tubercle
4. Surgical neck
5. Anatomical neck
6. Intertubercular groove (bicipital groove)
7. Deltoid tuberosity
8. Medial epicondyle
9. Lateral epicondyle
10. Capitulum
11. Trochlea
12. Olecranon fossa
13. Coronoid fossa
14. Radial fossa
15. Supracondylar ridges (medial and lateral)
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HUMERUS. Right or left?
1. Head
2. Greater tubercle
3. Lesser tubercle
4. Surgical neck
5. Anatomical neck
6. Intertubercular groove (bicipital groove)
7. Deltoid tuberosity
8. Medial epicondyle
9. Lateral epicondyle
10. Capitulum
11. Trochlea
12. Olecranon fossa
13. Coronoid fossa
14. Radial fossa
15. Supracondylar ridges (medial and lateral)
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ULNA
1. Olecranon process
2. Coronoid process
3. Radial notch
4. Semilunar notch (trochlear notch)
5. Styloid process
6. Head
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ULNA.
1. Olecranon process
2. Coronoid process
3. Radial notch
4. Semilunar notch (trochlear notch)
5. Styloid process
6. Head
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RADIUS
1. Head
2. Radial tuberosity
3. Styloid process
4. Neck
5. Ulnar notch
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RADIUS
1. Head
2. Radial tuberosity
3. Styloid process
4. Neck
5. Ulnar notch
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RADIUS
1. Head
2. Radial tuberosity
3. Styloid process
4. Neck
5. Ulnar notch
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A. CARPALS
B. METACARPALS; They are numbered 1-5.
(Metacarpal 5 is labeled on photo)
C. PHALANGES: Proximal (labeled #1), intermediate (#2), distal (#3)
Label them like this: Proximal phalanx, 2nd digit
Intermediate phalanx, 2nd digit
Distal phalanx, 2nd digit
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CARPALS
1. TRAPEZIUM (by the thumb)
2. TRAPEZOID (right beside thumb)
3. CAPITATE (base of 3rd met)
4. HAMATE (base of 4-5th mets)
5. TRIANGULAR (lateral-most)
6. PISIFORM (on palmar side, under triangular)
7. LUNATE (the one next to scaphoid)
8. SCAPHOID (the largest; at the wrist on thumb side)
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SKULL
Cranium (calvarium: upper part of cranium that detaches)
Frontal bone
1. Supraorbital foramen (supraorbital notch)
2. Coronal suture
3. Superior orbital fissure
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Parietal bones
1. Sagittal suture
2. Squamous suture (squamosal suture)
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Occipital bone
1. Occipital condyles
2. Foramen magnum (for spinal cord and vertebral arteries)
3. Hypoglossal canal (for hypoglossal nerve)
4. Lambdoidal suture
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Occipital bone
1. Occipital condyles
2. Foramen magnum (for spinal cord and vertebral arteries)
3. Hypoglossal canal (for hypoglossal nerve)
4. Lambdoidal suture
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Temporal bones
1. External auditory meatus (eternal acoustic meatus)
2. Mastoid process
3. Mandibular fossa
4. Styloid process
5. Zygomatic process
6. Carotid canal (for carotid artery)
7. Petrous portion
8. Jugular foramen (for jugular vein)
9. Internal auditory meatus (internal acoustic meatus)
10. Squamous portion
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Temporal bones
1. External auditory meatus (eternal acoustic meatus)
2. Mastoid process
3. Mandibular fossa
4. Styloid process
5. Zygomatic process
6. Carotid canal (for carotid artery)
7. Petrous portion
8. Jugular foramen (for jugular vein)
9. Internal auditory meatus (internal acoustic meatus)
10. Squamous portion
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Temporal bones
1. External auditory meatus (eternal acoustic meatus)
2. Mastoid process
3. Mandibular fossa
4. Styloid process
5. Zygomatic process
6. Carotid canal (for carotid artery)
7. Petrous portion
8. Jugular foramen (for jugular vein)
9. Internal auditory meatus (internal acoustic meatus)
10. Squamous portion
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Sphenoid bone
1. Sella turcica
2. Greater wing
3. Lesser wing
4. Pterygoid processes
5. Optic foramen (for optic nerve)
6. Foramen ovale (for trigeminal nerve)
7. Foramen rotundum (for trigeminal nerve)
8. Superior orbital fissure
9. Foramen spinosom
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Sphenoid bone
1. Sella turcica
2. Greater wings
3. Lesser wings
4. Pterygoid processes
5. Optic foramen (for optic nerve)
6. Foramen ovale (for trigeminal nerve)
7. Foramen rotundum (for trigeminal nerve)
8. Superior orbital fissure
9. Foramen spinosom
10. Foramen lacerum
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Sphenoid bone
1. Sella turcica
2. Greater wings
3. Lesser wings
4. Pterygoid processes
5. Optic foramen (for optic nerve)
6. Foramen ovale (for trigeminal nerve)
7. Foramen rotundum (for trigeminal nerve)
8. Superior orbital fissure
9. Foramen spinosom
10. Foramen lacerum
11. Inferior orbital fissure
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Sphenoid bone
1. Sella turcica
2. Greater wings
3. Lesser wings
4. Pterygoid processes
5. Optic foramen (for optic nerve)
6. Foramen ovale (for trigeminal nerve)
7. Foramen rotundum (for trigeminal nerve)
8. Superior orbital fissure
9. Foramen spinosom
10. Foramen lacerum
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Ethmoid bone
1. Cribiform plate (perforated area)
2. Crista galli
3. Perpendicular plate
4. Ethmoid sinuses (skip)
5. Middle nasal conchae
6. Olfactory foramina (perforations in cribiform plate)
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Ethmoid bone
1. Cribiform plate (perforated area)
2. Crista galli
3. Perpendicular plate
4. Ethmoid sinuses (skip)
5. Middle nasal conchae
6. Olfactory foramina (perforations in cribiform plate)
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Mandible
1. Ramus
2. Coronoid process
3. Condylar process (mandibular condyle)
4. Mandibular notch
5. angle
6. Body
7. Mental foramen
8. Alveolar process
9. Mandibular foramen
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Mandible
1. Ramus
2. Coronoid process
3. Condylar process (mandibular condyle)
4. Mandibular notch
5. angle
6. Body
7. Mental foramen
8. Alveolar process
9. Mandibular foramen
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Maxilla
1. Incisive foramen
2. Zygomatic process
3. Infraorbital foramen (for trigeminal nerve)
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Maxilla
1. Incisive foramen
2. Zygomatic process
3. Infraorbital foramen (for trigeminal nerve)
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Other skull bones:
1. Zygomatic bones
2. Nasal bones
3. Lacrimal bones
4. Palatine bones
5. Vomer bone
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5. Vomer bone
You can see the vomer in two places: the lower 1/3 of the plate in the
nose, and here. Do not get the vomer mixed up with the perpendicular
plate of the ethmoid bone, which is not visible in this view.
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THE BONES OF THE ORBIT:
1. Frontal bone
2. Ethmoid bone
3. Sphenoid bone
4. Maxilla
5. Zygomatic bone
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CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
All cervical vertebrae have a pair of TRANSVERSE FORAMINA.
This is where an artery goes, called the VERTEBRAL ARTERY.
1. Spinous process
2. Transverse processes
3. Lamina
4. Pedicle
5. Body
6. Vertebral foramen
7. Transverse foramina
8. Inferior articular processes
9. Superior articular processes
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Two of the cervical vertebrae have special names.
ATLAS (C-1). It holds up the head.
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AXIS (C-2).
It has a projection on it called the DENS, which acts as an axel for the
rotation of the head.
1. Dens
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THORACIC VERTEBRAE
Each one articulates with a rib.
1. Spinous process
2. Transverse processes
3. Lamina
4. Body
5. Pedicle
6. Vertebral foramen
7. Superior articular processes
8. Inferior articular processes
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THORACIC VERTEBRAE
Each one articulates with a rib.
1. Spinous process
2. Transverse processes
3. Lamina
4. Body
5. Pedicle
6. Vertebral foramen
7. Superior articular processes
8. Inferior articular processes
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LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
1. Spinous process
2. Transverse processes
3. Lamina
4. Body
5. Pedicle
6. Vertebral foramen
7. Superior articular processes
8. Inferior articular processes
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1. Cervical vertebrae
2. Thoracic vertebrae
3. Lumbar vertebrae
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KNOW THE FOLLOWING ON A FULL SKELETON VERTEBRAL
COLUMN:
1. Intervertebral foramina
2. Intervertebral disc
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SACRUM
1. Sacral canal
2. Sacral foramina
3. Median sacral crest
4. Ala
5. Auricular surface (on the ala)
6. Sacral promontory
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SACRUM
1. Sacral canal
2. Sacral foramina
3. Median sacral crest
4. Ala
5. Auricular surface (on the ala)
6. Sacral promontory
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SACRUM
1. Sacral canal
2. Sacral foramina
3. Median sacral crest
4. Ala
5. Auricular surface (on the ala)
6. Sacral promontory
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COCCYX
1. Apex
2. Base
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STERNUM
1. MANUBRIUM
a. Jugular notch
b. Clavicular notch
c. Costal notches
2. BODY (also has costal notches)
3. XIPHOID PROCESS
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RIBS (Twelve ribs altogether)
Know these on a full skeleton only:
1. TRUE RIBS (First seven ribs)
2. FALSE (Last five ribs)
3. FLOATING RIBS (Last two ribs)
4. COSTAL CARTILAGES (connect ribs to sternum)
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RIBS (Twelve ribs altogether)
Know these on a full skeleton only:
1. TRUE RIBS (First seven ribs)
2. FALSE (Last five ribs)
3. FLOATING RIBS (Last two of the false ribs)
4. COSTAL CARTILAGES (connect ribs to sternum)
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Know the following on a single rib
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Articular tubercle
4. Angle
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OS COXA: The fusion of 3 bones (Ilium, ischium, pubis) during childhood:
1. Acetabulum
2. Obturator foramen
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ILIUM (Right)
1. Iliac crest
2. Iliac fossa
3. Anterior superior iliac spine
4. Anterior inferior iliac spine
5. Posterior superior iliac spine
6. Posterior inferior iliac spine
7. Greater sciatic notch
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ILIUM (Left)
1. Iliac crest
2. Iliac fossa
3. Anterior superior iliac spine
4. Anterior inferior iliac spine
5. Posterior superior iliac spine
6. Posterior inferior iliac spine
7. Greater sciatic notch
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ISCHIUM
1. Ischial spine
2. Ischial tuberosity
3. Lesser sciatic notch
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PUBIS
1. Pubic symphysis
2. Pubic arch
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FEMUR
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Greater trochanter
4. Lesser trochanter
5. Gluteal tuberosity
6. Medial condyle
7.Medial epicondyle (skip)
8. Lateral condyle
9. Lateral epicondyle (skip)
10. Fovea capitis
11. Linea aspera
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FEMUR
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Greater trochanter
4. Lesser trochanter
5. Gluteal tuberosity
6. Medial condyle
7.Medial epicondyle (skip)
8. Lateral condyle
9. Lateral epicondyle (skip)
10. Fovea capitis
11. Linea aspera
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FEMUR
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Greater trochanter
4. Lesser trochanter
5. Gluteal tuberosity
6. Medial condyle
7.Medial epicondyle (skip)
8. Lateral condyle
9. Lateral epicondyle (skip)
10. Fovea capitis
11. Linea aspera
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FEMUR
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Greater trochanter
4. Lesser trochanter
5. Gluteal tuberosity
6. Medial condyle
7.Medial epicondyle (skip)
8. Lateral condyle
9. Lateral epicondyle (skip)
10. Fovea capitis
11. Linea aspera
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TIBIA
1. Lateral condyle
2. Medial condyle
3. Tibial tuberosity
4. Medial malleolus
5. Anterior crest
6. Intercondylar eminence
7. Fibular notch
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TIBIA
1. Lateral condyle
2. Medial condyle
3. Tibial tuberosity
4. Medial malleolus
5. Anterior crest
6. Intercondylar eminence
7. Fibular notch
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TIBIA
1. Lateral condyle
2. Medial condyle
3. Tibial tuberosity
4. Medial malleolus
5. Anterior crest
6. Intercondylar eminence
7. Fibular notch
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FIBULA
1. Head
2. Lateral malleolus
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TARSALS:
1. TALUS
2. CALCANEUS
3. NAVICULAR
4. CUBOID
5. CUNEIFORMS (MEDIAL, INTERMEDIATE, LATERAL)
6. METATARSALS (1-5)
7. PHALANGES (proximal, intermediate, distal)
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The Knee
PATELLA
1. Apex
2. Base
3. Articular facet
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The Knee Ligaments
1. Patellar ligament
2. Quadriceps tendon
3. Lateral collateral ligament (fibular collateral ligament)
4. Medial collateral ligament (tibial collateral ligament)
5. Lateral meniscus
6. Medial meniscus
7. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
8. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
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