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Chapter 8 frontispiece.
Melting ice at the edge of
the Greenland Ice Sheet
E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The
Science of Global Warming and Our Energy
Future, Columbia University Press. Photo by
M. Rosing, University of Copenhagen
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Figure 8.1. Sea ice
E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy
Future, Columbia University Press. Photograph by Rear Admiral H.D. Nygren, NOAA
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Figure 8.2. The contrasting patterns in ocean surface currents and ice
flow during the (a) 1979 anti-cyclonic and (b) 1994 cyclonic regimes in
the Arctic Ocean
E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and
Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Rigor et al., 2002
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Figure 8.3. The
shrinking extent
of old, thick sea
ice in the Arctic,
September 1988September 2005
E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our
Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Richter-Menge et al., 2006
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Figure 8.4. The distribution of permafrost in the Russian Arctic
E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and
Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Zhang et al., 2005
092
Figure 8.5. The English Channel and surrounding region and the maximum
extent of ice about 21,000 years ago at the most recent glacial maximum
E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and
Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Ménot et al., 2006
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Figure 8.6. The increase
in the number of glacial
earthquakes in
Greenland, 1993-2005
E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of
Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia
University Press. Source: Ekström et al., 2006
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Figure 8.7. The steady retreat of the Jakobshavn (Ilulissat)
glacier, Greenland
E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming
and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: NASA
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Figure 8.8. Antarctica and its major ice shelves
E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming
and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: USGS
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Figure 8.9. The breakup
of the Larsen B ice shelf,
Antarctica, February and
March 2002
E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global
Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University
Press. Source: NASA/GSFC/LaRC/JPL, MISR Team
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Figure 8.10. Fossil brain
coral from Windley Key,
Florida
E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of
Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia
University Press. Photograph by D. Muhs, USGS