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Poetry Terms
Handbook
By: Mrs. Houghland
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Turn to the inside page.
Elements
Of
Poetry
Personification
• Words that give an
animal, thing, or idea
human qualities.
• Ex. The wind screamed as
it blew by the house.
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Imagery
Hyperbole
• Poets choose words carefully
to create strong images or
feelings. One of the elements
of poetry is imagery. Imagery
is defined as concrete details
that appeal to the sense of
sight, sound, touch, smell and
taste, or to internal feelings.
• An exaggeration! Hyperbole
helps to emphasize your
writing by making a point
through extreme exaggeration.
• Example: A Dream is Like a
River lesson. What images
were created from the lyrics in
the song?
http://www.lyrics007.com/Garth%20Brooks%20Lyrics/The%20Ri
ver%20Lyrics.htm
l
• Example: I almost died
laughing.
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Simile:
Metaphor:
• Writers use similes to add
excitement and interest to their
stories and poems. Similes
describe something. Writers
use similes as a comparison
between two unlikely things
using like or as to make a
connection between the two
things being compared.
• Example:
“Life is like a box of chocolates.”
________ is compared to_______
•
•
Writers use metaphors to make
their writing more interesting.
Metaphors compare how two
things are different in most
ways, but alike in one way.
However, a metaphor does not
use like or as, it states that
something is something else.
An exaggeration.
Example:
“She was a mess waiting to happen.”
The metaphor compares
________ to a ________
because _____________.
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Alliteration:
• Repeated consonant
sounds at the beginning of
words or within words.
(Tongue twisters).
• Example:
“Maggie made my mango milkshake.”
Onomatopoeia:
• The use of words whose
sounds suggest their
meaning or use.
• Example: Swoosh! Bop!
Wham!
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Second Title Page.
How
A
Poem works.
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Meter
• The measured
arrangement of words in
poetry that identifies the
pattern of stressed and
unstressed syllables.
Rhythm
• A series of stressed and
unstressed sounds.
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Rhyme Scheme
End Rhyme
• The similarity of end sounds
using alphabetical lettering
that changes with each new
sound.
• Ex. The Rhyme scheme for a
Sonnet is:
•
ABAB
•
CDCD
EFEF
•
GG
• End words that share a sound.
• Ex.
Hopping bunnies and little moles,
Both can make their homes in holes.
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Stanza
Refrain
• A division of a poem, similar
to a pararagraph.
• A phrase or verse repeated at
intervals throughout a song or
poem.
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Third Section Title Page!
Types
of
Poems
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Lyric
Poetry that expresses
subjective thoughts and
feelings often in songlike
form.
Example: Skater Boy, by:
Avril Lavigne.
Your poem!
• Write your own Lyric in this
space.
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Ballad
•
•
•
•
•
•
A narrative poem often of folk
origin intended to be sung.
Simple stanzas usually with a
recurrent refrain.
Example:
Verses of four lines with a
rhyming pattern:
Abab
Abbb
Acbc
Repetition often found in
ballads. Lines can be used over
again with a one word change.
Your Poem
Write your own Ballad here.
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Concrete Poem
• Create a concrete poem by
arranging words pictorially
on a page or by combining
art and writing. Words,
phrases, and sentences can
be written in the shape of an
object, or word pictures can
be inserted within poems
that are written left to right
and top to bottom on a
sheet of paper.
• Example: “George
Washington Monument”
Your poem.
• Write your poem here.
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Cinquains
• A cinquain is a five-line
poem that was invented by
Adelaide Crapsey. She was
an American poet who took
her inspiration from
Japanese haiku and tanka.
Cinquains are particularly
vivid in their imagery and
are meant to convey a
certain mood or emotion.
Your Poem
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Limerick
Your Poem!
A humorous nonsensical
verse of five lines with
aabba rhyme
scheme.
Example:
There was a young lady whose
eyes
were unique as to the color
and size
when she opened them wide.
People all turned aside,
and started away in surprise.
• Write your own Limerick here.
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Ode
Your Poem!
An ode is a long lyric that is deep
in feeling and rich in poetic
Devices and imagery.
Write your own Ode here.
Example: Ode to the Seventh Grade
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Sonnet
Your poem!
A 14-line poem, usually in
iambic pentameter with fixed
rhyme. Usually a love poem.
Imabic: Stress is on the second
syllable.
Example: Good-bye!
Pentameter: 10 syllables per line.
Example:
..\Sonnet_poem.aspx_ID=472128.p
df
Oh how I love thee let me count the ways.
Rhyme scheme:
abab/cdcd/efef/gg
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Free Verse
Free verse does not have a set pattern of
rhyme or rhythm. There are no rules
about line length in free verse. You try to
keep the words that belong together on
the same line, but, sometimes the poet
will break these words if he/she wants to
create a visual shape to support the
poem's message, or feeling that the poet
wishes the reader to
experience. . When free verse is read
aloud the reader can hear the rhythm of
the words that the poet has used in
his/her poem. Think of it as spoken
music.
http://www.edu.pe.ca/stjean/playing%20with%20poetry/Hi
ckey/freeexamples.htm
• Topic
Anything and everything can be the
topic of a free verse
lyrical poem. The poem can tell a
story, describe a person, animal,
feeling or object. They can serious,
sad, funny or educational. What
ever subject that appeals to the poet
can end up in free verse
• Language
The poet attempts to describe
his/her subject with language that
shows, not tells. For example,
instead of writing " We had so much
fun today.", the poet would write
"They wore smiles all the way
home."