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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
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Brain Food Video Quiz
Bellringers
Quotes About Character
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Quotes About Character
“He that respects himself is safe from
others; He wears a coat of mail that none
can pierce.”
—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
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Chapter 14
Lifestyle Diseases
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Chapter 14
Lifestyle Diseases
Contents
•
•
•
•
Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Section 3 Cancer
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
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Chapter 14
Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle
Diseases
Bellringer
• Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise and make a
crease. At the top of one side, write the word
“Healthy.” At the top of the other side, write the word
“Risky.” List under each title the things people do that
are either healthy or risky to their health.
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Chapter 14
Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle
Diseases
Objectives
• Describe how lifestyle can lead to diseases.
• List four controllable and four uncontrollable risk
factors for lifestyle diseases.
• State two actions you can take now to lower your risk
for developing a lifestyle disease later in life.
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Chapter 14
Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle
Diseases
What Are Lifestyle Diseases?
• Lifestyle diseases are diseases that are caused
partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly by other
factors.
• Lifestyle diseases include cardiovascular disease,
many forms of cancer, and two forms of diabetes.
• When you know the factors that contribute to lifestyle
diseases, you can make lifestyle choices now to
reduce your chances of these diseases later in life.
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Chapter 14
Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle
Diseases
Risk Factors for Lifestyle Diseases
• Controllable risk factors for lifestyle diseases include:
•
•
•
•
your diet and body weight
your daily levels of physical activity
your level of sun exposure
smoking and alcohol abuse
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Chapter 14
Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle
Diseases
Risk Factors for Lifestyle Diseases
• Uncontrollable risk factors for lifestyle diseases
include:
• age
• gender
• ethnicity
• heredity
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Bellringer
• Look at the quote at
right. Both the boy’s
father and his
grandfather have high
blood pressure. What
types of risk factors
does the boy have?
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Objectives
• Summarize how one’s lifestyle can contribute to
cardiovascular disease.
• Describe four types of cardiovascular diseases.
• Identify two ways to detect and two ways to treat
cardiovascular diseases.
• List four things you can do to lower your risk for
cardiovascular diseases.
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?
• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are diseases and
disorders that result from progressive damage to the
heart and blood vessels.
• Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of
death in the United States.
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?
• The four main types of cardiovascular diseases are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
stroke
high blood pressure
heart attack
atherosclerosis
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?
• Strokes are sudden attacks of weakness or paralysis
that occur when blood flow to an area of the brain is
interrupted.
• Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts on the
walls of a blood vessel. High blood pressure can
injure blood vessel walls, leading to other
cardiovascular diseases.
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?
• Atherosclerosis is a disease in which fatty materials
build up on artery walls. This can block blood flow or
release clots that cause strokes or heart attacks.
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?
• A heart attack is the
damage and loss of
function of an area of
the heart muscle.
• Heart attacks are often
caused by a blockage
of the coronary
arteries that carry
blood into the heart.
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Detecting and Treating Cardiovascular Diseases
• Checking blood pressure is one way to monitor
cardiovascular health and detect CVDs.
• Systolic pressure is the maximum blood pressure
when the heart contracts. Diastolic pressure is the
blood pressure between heart contractions.
• Blood pressures are cited in the form “Systolic
pressure/Diastolic pressure.”
• Normal blood pressure is between 80/50 and 130/85.
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Detecting and Treating Cardiovascular Diseases
• Other methods for detecting CVDs include:
• electrocardiograms (EKGs) that measure the
electrical activity of the heart
• ultrasound images of the pumping heart and
heart valves
• angiography – Injecting dye into the coronary
arteries to look for blockages
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Detecting and Treating Cardiovascular Diseases
• Options for treating CVDs include:
• diet and exercise
• medicines
• surgery
• angioplasty
• pacemakers
• transplants
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases
• Some steps you can take to prevent CVDs include:
• reducing consumption of saturated fats,
cholesterol, and salt
• keeping weight near recommended levels
• not smoking
• exercising regularly
• monitoring your blood pressure and cholesterol
level
• reducing stress
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
Bellringer
• List as many types of cancers as you can.
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
Objectives
•
•
•
•
Describe what cancer is.
Identify three causes of cancer.
Describe four types of cancer.
Identify three ways to detect and three ways to treat
cancer.
• List five things you can do to lower your risk for
cancer.
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
What Is Cancer?
• Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled cell
growth.
• Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the
United States, after CVDs.
• Cancer starts with genetic damage. When the
genes that control cell growth are damaged, some
cells begin to divide again and again, making
tumors.
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
What Is Cancer?
• A malignant tumor is a mass of cells that invades
and destroys normal tissue. A benign tumor is an
abnormal but usually harmless cell mass.
• Metastasis is a process in which cancer cells travel
to other parts of the body, creating new tumors.
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
What Is Cancer?
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
What Is Cancer?
• You can inherit damaged or mutated genes that
increase your chance of getting cancer.
• Carcinogens, or cancer causing agents, cause
cancer by damaging genes.
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
Detecting and Treating Cancer
• Methods of detecting cancer include:
• self-exams
• biopsies (tissue samples)
• x rays
• MRI
• blood and DNA tests
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
Detecting and Treating Cancer
• Methods of treating cancer include:
• surgery
• chemotherapy – using drugs to kill cancer
cells
• radiation therapy – using radiation to kill
cancer cells
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
Detecting and Treating Cancer
• Steps you can take to prevent cancer include:
• Don’t smoke
• Limit exposure to UV radiation
• Eat less saturated fats and more fruits,
vegetables, and fiber
• Exercise and maintain a healthy weight
• Get regular medical checkups
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Bellringer
• List foods that you eat that are high in sugar.
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Objectives
• Describe the role of insulin in diabetes.
• Compare type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
• Identify two ways to detect and two ways to treat
type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
• Name two ways that you can prevent type 2
diabetes.
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
What Is Diabetes?
• When your cells need energy, the body breaks down
carbohydrates that you eat into glucose. Glucose
circulates through the body in the bloodstream.
• Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that
causes cells to remove glucose from the blood.
• Diabetes is a disorder in which cells are unable to
obtain glucose from the blood, resulting in high
blood-glucose levels.
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
What Is Diabetes?
• In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce
enough insulin.
• In type 2 diabetes, insulin is produced, but the
body’s cells fail to respond to the insulin.
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
What Is Diabetes?
• With any kind of diabetes, the body uses fat and
protein instead of glucose for energy. This causes a
build-up of toxic substances in the blood.
• A diabetic coma is a loss of consciousness that
happens when there is too much blood sugar and too
many toxic substances in the blood.
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
What Is Diabetes?
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Detecting and Treating Diabetes
• Detecting diabetes early is important to avoid severe
complications, such as blindness, strokes, kidney
disease, and loss of lower limbs.
• If you have symptoms of diabetes, see a doctor as
soon as possible.
• Doctors use urinalysis, glucose-tolerance tests,
insulin tests, and other kinds of tests to detect
diabetes.
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Detecting and Treating Diabetes
• Treatment of type 1 diabetes involves keeping bloodglucose levels as close to normal as possible.
• People with type 1 diabetes must check their bloodglucose levels several times a day and must learn to
give themselves insulin injections.
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Detecting and Treating Diabetes
• Treatment of type 2 diabetes sometimes involves
insulin, but more often focuses on frequent exercise
and a healthy diet with moderate amounts of sugar.
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Detecting and Treating Diabetes
• There is currently no way to prevent type 1 diabetes.
• To prevent type 2 diabetes, you can:
•
•
•
•
•
exercise regularly
maintain a healthy weight
eat a healthy diet
avoid tobacco products
reduce stress levels
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Brain Food Video Quiz
Click below to watch the Brain Food Video Quiz that
accompanies this chapter.
Brain Food Video Quiz
You may stop the video at any time by pressing
the Esc key.
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End of Chapter 14 Show
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Chapter 14
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
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Quotes About Character
“If you stand straight, do not fear a crooked
shadow.”
—Chinese Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“One falsehood spoils a thousand truths.”
—African Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“A man cannot be comfortable without his
own approval.”
—Mark Twain
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Quotes About Character
“Our reverence is good for nothing if it does
not begin with self-respect.”
—Oliver Wendell Holmes
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Quotes About Character
“When the character of a man is not clear to
you, look at his friends.”
—Japanese Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“What lies behind us and what lies before
us are small matters compared to what lies
within us.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“A good name, like good will, is got by
many actions and lost by one.”
—Lord Jeffrey
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Quotes About Character
“To enjoy the things we ought and to hate
the things we ought has the greatest
bearing on excellence of character.”
—Aristotle
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Quotes About Character
“He that respects himself is safe from
others; He wears a coat of mail that none
can pierce.”
—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
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Quotes About Character
“The reputation of a thousand years may be
determined by the conduct of one hour.”
—Japanese Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“Dreams are the touchstones of our
character.”
—Henry David Thoreau
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Quotes About Character
“A man’s character is his fate.”
—Heraclitus
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Quotes About Character
“Character is that which reveals moral
purpose, exposing the class of things a
man chooses and avoids.”
—Aristotle
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Quotes About Character
“What you do speaks so loud that I cannot
hear what you say.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“Abstinence is the surety of temperance.”
—Plato
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Quotes About Character
“This above all, to thine own self be
true/And it must follow, as the night the day/
Thou canst not then be false to any man.”
—William Shakespeare
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Quotes About Character
“No change of circumstances can repair a
defect of character .”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“Men acquire a particular quality by
constantly acting a particular way . . . you
become just by performing just actions,
temperate by performing temperate actions,
brave by performing brave actions.”
—Aristotle
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Quotes About Character
“The way to gain a good reputation is to
endeavor to be what you desire to appear.”
—Socrates
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Quotes About Character
“Do what you know and perception is
converted into character.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“Rather fail with honor than succeed by
fraud.”
—Sophocles
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Quotes About Character
“Character is higher than intellect.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“To know what is right and not do it is the
worst cowardice.”
—Confucius
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Quotes About Character
“It takes less time to do a thing right, than it
does to explain why you did it wrong.”
—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
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Quotes About Character
“Nature magically suits a man to his
fortunes, by making them the fruit of his
character.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“That soul that can be honest is the only
perfect man.”
—John Fletcher
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Quotes About Character
“One does evil enough when one does
nothing good.”
—German Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“There is no pillow so soft as a clear
conscience.”
—French Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“Don't forget to love yourself.”
—Soren Kierkegaard
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Quotes About Character
“Character is the indelible mark that
determines the only true value of all people
and all their work.”
—Orison Swett Marden
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Quotes About Character
“What we think or what we believe is, in the
end, of little consequence. The only thing of
consequence is what we do.”
—John Ruskin
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Quotes About Character
“Fame is vapor, popularity an accident,
riches take wing, and only character
endures.”
—Horace Greeley
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Quotes About Character
“You can easily judge the character of a
man by how he treats those who can do
nothing for him.”
—James D. Miles
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Quotes About Character
“Right is right, even if everyone is against
it; and wrong is wrong, even if everyone is
for it.”
—William Penn
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Quotes About Character
“Our deeds determine us, as much as we
determine our deeds.”
—George Eliot
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Quotes About Character
“Character is the result of two things:
mental attitude and the way we spend our
time.”
—Elbert Hubbard
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Quotes About Character
“A man without character is like a ship
without a rudder.”
—Karl G. Maeser
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Quotes About Character
“Character is much easier kept than
recovered.”
—Thomas Paine
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Quotes About Character
“Character is power.”
—Booker T. Washington
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Quotes About Character
“An individual step in character training is
to put responsibility on the individual.”
—Robert Baden-Powell
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Quotes About Character
“Character is a by-product; it is produced in
the great manufacture of daily duty.”
—Woodrow T. Wilson
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