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CHAPTER 5
Democratic Ideals
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You have seen a cartoon in the Pennsylvania Gazette urging
colonists to unite for defense against Native Americans and
French colonists. You are outraged by the attacks on British
traders and settlers. You wonder whether it is wise to join with
other colonies, though. Will it mean that Virginians or New
Englanders will be able to make laws for Pennsylvania?
What do you have in common
with other British colonists?
• What are some good reasons to join
with the other British colonies?
• How great are the differences
between the British colonies?
• What separates British colonists
from French colonists?
1689 Massachusetts colonists overthrow
royal governor Andros.
1704 Boston Newsletter is founded.
1735 Decision in the Zenger trial supports
freedom of the press.
1738 Minister George Whitefield
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arrives in Georgia.
1754 French and Indian War begins.
1759 Quebec falls to the British.
1763 French and Indian War ends.
To World
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1689 William and Mary replace James II as rulers
of England.
1707 England and Scotland join to form Great Britain.
1709 About 13,500 people leave the German states
and emigrate to England.
1756 Seven Years' War between France and
Britain is declared.
Back to U.S.
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Main Idea
The British colonies were shaped by
prosperity, literacy, and new
movements in religion and thought.
Why It Matters Now
These forces began to create an
American identity that is still
developing today.
What are some parts of colonial culture?
ECONOMY
Most colonists worked small
farms; land determined wealth.
EDUCATION
Education was brief and had a
religious purpose.
PUBLISHING
Colonists published their own
newspapers and books.
RELIGION
The Great Awakening spread
intense religious feelings.
• Why was land ownership
so important to the colonists?
• How did women and young people
contribute to the colonial economy?
• How did the Great
Awakening affect the colonies?
Contrasting
How were the Great Awakening
and the Enlightenment different?
Think About
• the ideas each movement promoted
• the people to whom each movement appealed
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Main Idea
Colonists expected their government to
preserve their basic rights as English subjects.
Why It Matters Now
U.S. citizens expect these same rights,
such as the right to a trial by jury.
How did the rights of English people
develop in the three years listed below?
ENGLISH RIGHTS
1215 King
John signed
the Magna
Carta.
1689 English Bill of
Rights established
Parliament's
supremacy over the
Crown in making laws.
1735 Zenger
trial helped
establish
freedom of
the press.
• What were three of the traditional rights
expected by English colonists?
• In what ways did the English government
anger the colonists in the late 1600s?
• How did England's policies toward the
colonies change after the Glorious Revolution?
Supporting Opinions
In your opinion, who had the most
power—the royal governor, the council,
or the assemblies? Defend your opinion.
Think About
• their roles in making laws
• their roles in raising money
• who had final approval in matters
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Main Idea
Britain's victory in the French and
Indian War forced France to give up
its North American colonies.
Why It Matters Now
British influence spread over North America,
though French populations
and place names still exist there.
Map
When did each battle occur?
Was each battle a French or British victory?
DATE
INCIDENT
VICTOR
April 1754
Seizure of Fort Duquesne
French
July 1754
Surrender of Fort Necessity
French
July 1755
Braddock’s defeat
French
September 1759
Battle of Quebec
British
• How did the fur trade contribute
to the French and Indian War?
• Why did the British begin to win
the war after 1758?
• What were some causes and effects
of Pontiac's Rebellion?
Analyzing Points of View
Why did the French, British, and Native
Americans fight over the Ohio River Valley?
Think About
• how the British viewed the valley
• how the French viewed it
• how the Native Americans viewed it
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
ANSWERS: READ AND TAKE NOTES
1 Why did colonists want to own land?
2 What was women's role in the colonial economy?
3 What were three effects of the Great
Awakening on colonial culture?
4 Why did colonies have representative assemblies?
5 What was one important right granted
in the Magna Carta?
6 How did the Zenger trial help lead to
freedom of the press?
7 How was the English Bill of Rights related
to the Glorious Revolution?
8 What was George Washington's role
in the French and Indian War?
9 What did England gain as a result of the
French and Indian War?
10 What was one reason for Pontiac's Rebellion?
Finding Main Ideas
Economy
Education
Better economic
opportunities; more
chance of owning
land
High reading rate;
children educated to
read Bible
Religion
Religion important;
Great Awakening
spreads religious
feeling across colonies
AMERICAN IDENTITY
Colonists publish
own newspapers
and books
Publishing
Colonists expect "rights
of Englishmen" and hold
Enlightenment belief
that people can change
their government
Political Ideas
French and Indian
War unites colonists
against common
enemies
War
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