Download Aquaculture systems

Aquaculture systems
Biotic and abiotic components:
1. The fish component
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• Behavioral/physiological requirements –
must be in normal (optimal) range
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3. Dissolved inorganic and organic
compounds
4. pH
Aquaculture systems
Biotic and abiotic components:
2. The water component
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3. Pond or rearing area/container
• Provide spatial requirements for species
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Aquaculture systems
Biotic and abiotic components:
4. Nutritional requirements
• Provides energy requirements to meet –
standard metabolic demands
• Components associated with water
quality
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Aquaculture systems
Biotic and abiotic components:
5. Management of the system
• Fish culturist governs how well all
components will be “balanced”
• Management factors:
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• Record-keeping
• Pond cleaning techniques and
frequencies
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Aquaculture systems
Management conditions:
1. Extensive culture: Low degree of input on
manager’s part
• Low water exchanges
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• Common in developing regions
• Subsistence production
Aquaculture systems
Management conditions:
2. Semi-intensive
• Higher degree of management than
extensive
• Common in warmwater foodfish industry
– catfish
• Feed daily
• Assess growth and mortality
Aquaculture systems
Management conditions:
3. Intensive
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• Common in salmonid culture
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• Feeding of commercial feeds at high rates
• Continual sampling and monitoring
Aquaculture
Public aquaculture:
Purpose:
• Mitigation
• Conservation/species recovery
(ESA)
• Management/sport fishing
Mitigation:
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• Columbia/Snake River systems
Aquaculture
Conservation:
• Endangered species preservation
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• Recovery of listed stock
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Aquaculture
Management/sportfishing:
• Game fish stocking (non-salmonids)
• Bass
• Pike
• Walleye
• Put and take fisheries
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Aquaculture
Private aquaculture
Purpose:
• Commercial:
• Food/table fish and other aquatic
species
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• Fee fishing
• Trout/catfish
• Common in Midwest/east
Aquaculture
• Bait fish – for sportfishing in many states
• Forage fish
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• Tilapia/carp
• Ornamental species
• Aquarium/hobbyist trade
• Direct or wholesale markets
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Aquaculture
Components of private and public
aquaculture:
1. Production:
• All life stages
2.
3. Marketing (important in commercial)
• Sales and distribution
4. Processing waste
• Disposal
5. Value added product
Aquaculture
Factors to consider in private
aquaculture:
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Feed availability/manufacturing
Equipment
Product development/marketing
Engineering/construction
Real estate
Aquaculture
Economics:
• Variable costs
• Eggs/fingerlings
• Feed
• Mortality
• Utilities
• Maintenance
• Fixed costs:
• Labor
• Insurance
• Taxes
• Advertising