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Understanding Verb Forms
What are the principal parts of verbs?
Regular verbs
Irregular verbs
Review A
Review B
What are the principal parts of verbs?
Verbs change forms to fit different uses, much as
people change clothes to fit different situations.
He wears stripes
for the game.
He has worn a
uniform before.
He wore a tuxedo
for his wedding.
What are the principal parts of verbs?
Verbs have four principal parts, each of which
performs a different function.
Base Form
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
More about participles
begin
join
[is] beginn ing
[is] join ing
beg a n
join ed
[have] beg u n
[have] join ed
What are the principal parts of verbs?
These principal parts are used to form all the
different verb tenses.
Base Form
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
They always begin on time.
They are beginning now.
They began early yesterday.
They have begun already.
Regular verbs
A regular verb generally forms its past and past
participle by adding –d or –ed to the base form.
Base Form
Past
Past Participle
bake
bake d
[have] bake d
happen
happen ed
[have] happen ed
The present participle is formed by adding –ing.
Present Participle
happen ing
Regular verbs
A few regular verbs have alternative past and
past participle forms that end in -t.
Base Form
Past
burn
Past Participle
burn ed
or
dream
burn t
dream ed
or
dream t
[have] burn ed
or
[have] burn t
[have] dream ed
or [have] dream t
Regular verbs
On Your Own
Give the correct form (past, past participle, or present
participle) of the italicized verb, as indicated in parentheses.
1. A rolling, green meadow (stretch) before them. (past)
2. The class is (paint) a mural for the hallway. (present
participle)
3. Have you (revise) your essay yet? (past participle)
4. The cat (jump) onto the counter and knocked over a
glass of juice. (past)
5. We are (conduct) a survey. (present participle)
[End of Section]
Irregular verbs
Some verbs do not fit the regular
pattern.
An irregular verb forms its past
and past participle in some way
other than by adding –d or –ed.
Base Form
Past
Past Participle
swim
sw a m
[have] sw u m
burst
burst
[have] burst
Irregular verbs
Changing vowels
1. Some irregular verbs form the past and past
participle by changing vowels.
Base Form
Past
Past Participle
drink
dr a nk
[have] dr u nk
Other verbs that change vowels
become
became
[have] become
find
found
[have] found
meet
met
[have] met
ring
rang
[have] rung
Irregular verbs
Changing consonants
2. Other irregular verbs form the past and past
participle by changing consonants.
Base Form
Past
Past Participle
make
ma d e
[have] ma d e
Other verbs that change consonants
build
built
[have] built
hear
heard
[have] heard
lend
lent
[have] lent
spend
spent
[have] spent
Irregular verbs
Changing vowels and consonants
3. Some irregular verbs form the past and past
participle by changing both vowels and
consonants.
Base Form
Past
see
s aw
Past Participle
[have] s een
Other verbs that change vowels and consonants
buy
bought
[have] bought
break
broke
[have] broken
feel
felt
[have] felt
go
went
[have] gone
Irregular verbs
No change
4. A few irregular verbs make no change at all in
their past and past participle forms.
Base Form
Past
Past Participle
set
set
[have] set
Other verbs that make no change
burst
burst
[have] burst
cost
cost
[have] cost
hurt
hurt
[have] hurt
read
read
[have] read
Irregular verbs
On Your Own
Give the correct form (past or past participle) of each verb in
parentheses.
1. I bought the tickets even though they ________ too
much. (cost)
2. Greg has finally ________ the answer. (find)
3. Dad has ________ Rusty to visit the veterinarian. (take)
4. The girls ________ hats for the nature hike. (wear)
5. She ________ everything she could to help us. (do)
[End of Section]
Review A
Give the correct form (past, past participle, or present
participle) of each italicized verb, as indicated in
parentheses.
1. Have you ever (fly) a Japanese dragon kite? (past
participle)
2. We (see) three movies last weekend. (past)
3. Bill is (cut) the fabric for the drapes. (present participle)
4. The pitcher (throw) the ball to the first baseman. (past)
5. The government class has (go) to observe the city council
in session. (past participle)
Review B
The following sentences contain nonstandard or misspelled
verb forms. Identify each error, and provide the standard
form of the verb.
1. As soon as the robin was well, we letted it go free.
2. Can you believe Mary has never rode a roller coaster?
3. Mrs. Romero begun her career as soon as she finished
college.
4. The crowded roots of the plant have bursted the ceramic
flowerpot.
5. Tasha would have sang the song if we had asked her to.
[End of Section]
The End