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Biology 2121
Guided Study Questions
Chapter 7
Answer Sheet
I. Axial Skeleton – Paper I
Occcipital Bone
1. Neck; Back
2. Connects vertebrae of neck to skull
3. External occipital protuberance
4. Spinal cord
Temporal Bone
1. External acoustic meatus
2. Styloid
2. Anchors neck muscles
3. Stylomastoid foramen
4. Jugular vein
5. Carotid artery
6. VII and VIII; Vestibulocochlear nerve
Sphenoid Bone
1. Makes contact with all other bones
2. Holds or supports the pituitary gland
3. omit
4. Pterygoid; chewing
5. II; III IV VI; Superior orbital; eye; ovale; maxillary and mandibular
Ethmoid Bone
1. Sphenoid and nasal
2. cribiform; olfactory; passage of CN I
3. Crista galli; brain; tough covering called meninges
4. Perpendicular; vomer
5. I; smell
Mandible
1. Mandibular condyle with mandibular fossa
2. anchors teeth
3. mandibular foramina
Facial Bones – Maxillary
1. Blood vessels and nerves
2. Passage of CN V; zygomatic nerve
Lacrimal Bone
1. Lacrimal fossa
Palatine Bones
1. Horizontal ; Perpendicular; horizontal; perpendicular
Conchae
1. 3; nasal; ethmoid; ethmoid
2. Mucus membranes; circulate and warm air
Orbits
1. Frontal, Sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid
Nasal Cavity
1. Hyaline; cribiform plate ethmoid
2. Superior and medial conchae ethmoid
3. Palatine process palatine bone
4. Nasal septum
Hyoid Bone
1. Omit
2. Tongue; body and greater horns; neck; larynx
Vertebrae
1. 35
2. 9; sacrum a; coccyx
3. 7, 12, 5
4. Scoliosis is the lateral curvature of the back; kyphosis is a thoracic curve of the back and lordosis or swayback is an
exaggerated anterior curve (think pregnancy)
5. Longitudinal
6. Anterior longitudinal ligaments; posterior longitudinal ligaments
7. connects adjacent vertebrae; elastic connective tissue
8. No question
9. Nucleus pulposus; annulus fibrosus
10. Nucleus Pulposus; collagen and fibrocartilage
11. Disc slip: Annalus fibrosis ruptures and the nucleous pulposus begins to bulge out and affect spinal nerves.
Vertebrae Structure
1. Spinous and transverse: attachment site for muscles that move the vertebral column and stabilize ligaments;
Articular: covered with hyaline cartilage for joint movement
2. intervertebral; spinal nerves
Sacrum
1. Sacrum and iliac articular surface
Thoracic Cage
1. manubrium; clavicular notch; xyphoid process and abdominal
2. Jugular
3. Manubrium
Ribs
1. True ribs: attach directly ot the sternum via costal cartilage: False ribs have indirect attachment.
2. 7, 5, 2
3. Have no anterior attachment
Table 1
In decending order: sphenoid, sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, ethmoid, temporal, sphenoid, temporal, sphenoid
Table 2
Long, thin and slope down, thick and stubby; small and wide, heart shaped, contains foramina, thin and tapered,
circular, triangular
II. Appendicular Skeleton – Paper II
Pectoral Girdle – Scapulae
1. Head of humerus
2. clavicle; sternum and sternoclavicular
3. Anchors bicep muscles
4. Suprascapular
Clavicles
1. collarbone
2. sterna and manubrium
3. acromial
4. outward or anteriorly, If broke inward would damage the subclavian artery
5. muscles, holds scapula and arms out laterally
6. compresses
Humerus
1. glenoid
2. rotator cuff
3. separates the tubercles,
4. deltoid tuberosity, deltoid
5. Capitulum with the radius and Trochlea with the ulan olecranon fossa
6. ulna, ulna, radial notch
Ulna
1. forms the elbow joint
2. omit
3. omit
4. ligament of wrist
Radius
1. anchors bicep muscle
2. same as above
3e. break distal radius
Hand
1. 8; scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitates, hamate
2. 1, 5
3. 5
Pelvic Girdle
1. hip bones
2. ilium, ishium and pubis
3. head of femur
Ilium
1. ishial tuberosity
2. attach trunk, hip, thigh muscles
3. greater sciatic
4. gluteal lines
5. articular surface; sacral
Ramus
1. attaches or bridges two bones
2. roughen area on the ishium
Pubis
1. opening in hip bone for blood vessels and nerves to pass
2. hyaline, pubis bones merge
Male and Female Pelvis (part one not available)
2. True superior to pelvic brim; false is inferior
3. inlet is the pelvic brim and outlet is inferior margin of the true pelvis
Femur
1. ligament runs from the fovea to acetabulum secures the femur in place
2. thigh buttock muscle attachments
3. linea apsera; supracondylar; muscle
4. tibia
5. secures anterior thigh muscles to tibia
Tibia
1. Omit
2. medial malleolus
3. fibular, tibiofibular
Fibula
1. lateral malleolus
2. tibia
Foot
1. calcaneus, talus
2. calcaneal tuberosity
3. cuboid, navicular and cuniform
4. big toe
5. 5 and hallux
Arch
Not available
Development
1. unossified fibrous membrane
2. allow for brain growth
3. halves of palate fail to fuse
4. one half of adult size
5. 8-9 years