Download Energy-the ability to do work

Energy-the ability to do work. Energy is one the basic resources used by technological
systems.
Power-“The amount of work done in a given period of time. The source of energy or
motive force by which a physical system or machine is operated” A power system is a
technological system that transforms energy into power.
Energy can be grouped into six major forms. Theses are mechanical, radiant, chemical,
thermal, electrical and nuclear. These sources of energy do work that ends up as light,
motion, or heat.
Mechanical energy is often provided by the motion of a device.
Radiant energy is the energy emitted electromagnetic devices.
Chemical energy is the energy that is stored within a substance or product.
Electrical energy is the energy produced as a result of the movement of electrons
through a conductor.
Thermal energy is the name given to heat energy. Thermal cannot be seen but is
generally felt.
Nuclear energy is the energy associated with the internal bonds of an atom. The
splitting of atoms produces vast amounts of energy. This is called fission. Also, the
combining of atoms produces energy. This is called fusion.
Energy Conversion Processes
Work is the application of force that moves an object a certain distance.
Power is the amount of work being done over a period of time.
Mechanical Advantage is an increase in force provided by a machine.
Hydraulics Systems are those that control and transmit energy through liquids.
Pneumatic Systems are those that control and transmit energy through gases.
Potential Energy is any form of stored energy, andno
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Kinetic Energy is energy in motion.
Newton's Law's of Motion:
Newton's First Law: Newton's First Law states that a body of mass in a state of rest tends
to remain at rest and a body or mass in motion tends to remain in motion, unless acted
upon by another force. Newton's Second Law: Newton's Second Law states that an
unbalance or force on a body tends to produce acceleration in the direction of the force.
Newton's Third Law: Newton's Third Law states that for every acting force there is an
equal and opposite reacting force.
Law of Conservation of Energy-Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, however it can
be converted from one form to another (Std 16, B. J).
Renewable / Nonrenewable Energy: some forms of energy are renewable such as solar
energy. Other forms of energy are nonrenewable such as petroleum based fuel. (Std 16
B.M) Second Law of Thermodynamics-No energy system can be a 100% efficient.
Simple Machines
Lever scissors
Pulley hoist
Gear sprocket on bicycle
Incline Plane ramp
Wheel and Axle car wheels
Other simple mechanisms.
Screw – a form of incline plane
Linkage – connector
Pivot – hinge pin
Cam – an elliptical or eccentric shape
Mechanical Advantage – increase in force developed from a mechanism.
The amount of work you get out of a machine (not accounting for friction loss) is no
more than the amount of work you put into a machine. What is changed is either the
distance an object is moved by the machine or the load is different. For example, if you
move a machine actuator or linkage 4 ft. using 80 lbs. of force then you have done 320
foot-pounds of work. Depending on the type of machine you are using, then you might
expect to get, say, 1 ft. of movement of a load that is 320 lbs.
Fundamentals of Technology
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Related VoCATS Test Items
1. The ability to do work is:
A. power
B. energy
C. work
D. power transmission
2. The application of force that moves an object a certain distance is:
A. energy
B. power
C. work
D. torque
3. The amount of work in a given amount of time is:
A. foot-pounds
B. energy
C. work
D. power
4. How many basic forms of energy are there?
A. 6
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
5. An increase in force by a machine is called:
A. fluid power
B. mechanical advantage
C. torque
D. power
6. The use of liquid to transmit energy is:
A. hydraulics
B. pneumatics
C. mechanical advantage
D. transmission
7. A body at rest tends to remain at rest, and a body in motion tends to remain in motion
is known as:
A. Newton's Third Law of Motion
B. Bernoulli's Principle
C. Newton's First Law of Motion
D. kinetic energy
8. Energy in motion is:
A. torque
B. potential energy
C. pneumatic power
D. kinetic energy
Fundamentals of Technology
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9. Stored energy is:
A. potential energy
B. kinetic energy
C. work
D. force
10. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This is known as:
A. Newton's Third Law of Motion
B. kinetic energy
C. Bernoulli's Principle
D. Newton's First Law of Motion
11. An example of a simple machine is:
A. lever
B. torque
C. cylinder
D. power
12. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be converted from one form to
another. This is known as:
A. Law of Kinetic Energy
B. Newton's Second Law of Motion
C. Law of Conservation of Energy
D. Bernoulli's Second Law of Motion
13. Which is an example of a lever?
A. scissors
B. ramp
C. hoist
D. fulcrum
14. Which is an example of a gear?
A. scissors
B. tire
C. sprocket on a bicycle
D. fulcrum