Download Halophiles are a group of Archae that live in areas with high

Brandon Miosi
Bacteria
• Bacteria are single-celled
microscopic organisms that have
neither a membrane-bound
nucleus nor other membranebound organelles, like
mitochondria and chloroplasts
• Bacteria have only one
chromosome
• All bacteria reproduce asexually
through mitosis
• Bacteria have cell walls made of a
sugar and amino acid compound
called peptidoglyceran
Archaebacteria
• Arhcaebacteria (a.k.a. Archae) are believed to
be the first organisms on earth (archae=ancient)
dating back billions of years
• Unlike eubacteria, archaebacteria are
anaerobic, except for the halophiles
• The RNA of the ribosomes of Archae differ from
that of eubacteria as well
• Most Archae have cell walls but they produce no
peptidoglyceran
• Archae are also called extremophiles because of
the environments that they live in
Kingdom
There are 3 phyla
in the Archae
Kingdom;
Halophiles,
Thermoacidophiles,
and Methanogens
Halophiles
Archaebacteria
Thermoacidophiles
Methanogens
Halophiles
• Halophiles are a group of
Archae that live in areas
with high concentrations
of salt, like the Great Salt
Lake in Utah (10x as
much salt as the Pacific
Ocean!)
• They use the salt to
produce their ATP for
energy
• Halophiles use osmosis
and diffusion to regulate
cell pressure and saline
concentration
Above is a picture of halophilic bacteria and
some salt particles
Halophiles Cont…
• Unlike the other Archae,
halophiles are aerobic and
photosynthetic
• Even though halophiles live
in salt water 10x more
concentrated than an ocean,
their internal saline level is
only 3-4 times more
concentrated
• A protein coating around
the cell protects it from the
water it lives in so it doesn’t
become dehydrated and die
• Halophiles have a
carotenoid which gives them
a slight pinkish color
Thermoacidophiles
• Thermoacidophiles live in a couple major
extremes
• They live in temperatures above 60
degrees Celsius and in pH levels of 5 or
less
• They usually live in and around sulfur
springs and can die of cold at 55 degrees
Celsius (131 degrees Fahrenheit)
• They live off of sulfur by oxidizing it
Methanogens
• Methanogens are
anaerobic and live in
marshes, wetlands, and
intestines of animals
• They produce methane
gas from CO2
• The methane they
produce are used to
make ATP
• There are currently over
50 known species of
methanogens
Questions
1.What are the 3 phyla of Archaebacteria?
a. eubacteria, halophiles, thermophiles c. halophiles, thermophiles, pediphiles
b. halophiles, extremophiles, archae
d. thermoacidophiles, halophiles, methanogens
2.What does the word ‘Archae’ mean?
a.
b.
Active
New
b. Ancient
c. First
3. What is the saline concentration of a halophiles home?
a. 3-4x an ocean’s
b. 5x an ocean’s
c. 10x an ocean’s
d. 100x an ocean’s
4.What are 2 other names for the 3 phyla of Archae?
5. Why do the halophiles need the protein coating?