Download 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Lecture 3
Organic Compounds
Commonly Found Volatiles
Acetaldehyde
Isopropanol
Acetone
Chloroform
Methanol
Trichloroethanol
Ethanol
Dichloroethane
Carbon terachloride
Toluene
Benzene
Formaldehyde
methanol
present in some drinks (“Kirsch”)
ethanol
isopropanol
technical alcohol mixtures
Additional problem: mixed intoxication of ethanol and drugs
Scotch
Rum
1. acetaldehyde
2. methanol
3. acetone
4. ethyl formate
5. ethanol
6. ethyl acetate
7. n-propanol
8. sec-butanol
9. isobutanol
10. active amyl alcohol
11. isoamyl alcohol
12. n-amyl alcohol
Headspace
formaldehyde
acetone
in blood – metabolic disorder,
after an accident, etc.
methyl ethyl ketone
1. methanol
2. ethanol
3. diethyl ether
4. isopropanol
5. methylene chloride
6. acetone
7. methyl tert-butyl
ether
8. hexane
9. chloroform
10. ethyl acetate
11. methyl ethyl ketone
12. benzene
13. trichloroethylene
14. toluene
15. methyl isobutyl
ketone
Diethyl Ether
Propanal
Allyl ether
Propanol,
Butanol,
Pentanol
Methyl Acetate, Ethyl
Acetate, Propyl Acetate
Hexane, Heptane
Octane
Propionitrile
Diethylamine
Acetonitrile
Dichloromethane
Xylene
Cyclohexane
Tetrahydrofuran
Acrylonitrile
Camphor
Dioxane
Carbon Disulfide
Acrolein
Dichloropropane
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methylcyclohexane
GC headspace
Infriquently
found volatiles
“Semivolatile” hazardous substances
GC-MS
1. 2-fluorophenol
2. phenol
3. 1,4-dichlorobenzene-d4 (IS)
4. nitrobenzene
5. napthalene-d8 (IS)
6. 2-fluorobiphenyl
7. acenaphthene-d10 (IS)
8. 1-naphthalenamine
9. 2-naphthalenamine
10. 5-nitro-o-toluidine
11. diphenylamine
12. 2,4,6-tribromophenol
13. 4-aminobiphenyl
14. phenanthrene-d10 (IS)
15. p-terphenyl
16. p-dimethylaminoazobenzene
17. 2-acetylaminofluorene
18. chrysene-d12 (IS)
hazardous substances + internal standard mixture
Herbicides:
N +
Diquat
Paraquat
N
+
N
+
+
N
N
MMP+
+
Peak List:
1. diquat
2. paraquat
HPLC
Peak time (min.)
7.5
8.8
acetonitrile, 95:5 (v/v)
Flow: 1.0 mL/min.
Temp.: 27°C
Det.: UV @ 257nm (paraquat)
UV @ 308nm (diquat)
O
O
Cl
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
OH
Cl
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T)
O
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
1
OH
9
2
O
8
3
O
7
4
6
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
O
Cl
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
GC: 2.0μL splitless injection of TCDD isomers,
approximately 0.5ng each isomer
Splitless hold: 0.45 min
ECD detector
1. 1,4,7,8-TCDD
2. 2,3,7,8-TCDD
3. 1,2,3,4-TCDD
4. 1,2,3,7
5. 1,2,3,8-TCDD
6. 1,2,7,8-TCDD
CCl3
DDT
Cl
Cl
Aldrin
1. 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-m-xylene
(ss)
2. α-BHC
3. γ-BHC
4. β-BHC
5. δ-BHC
6. heptachlor
7. aldrin
8. heptachlor epoxide
9. γ-chlordane
10. α-chlordane
11. endosulfan I
12. 4,4'-DDE
13. dieldrin
14. endrin
15. 4,4'-DDD
16. endosulfan II
17. endrin aldehyde
18. 4,4'-DDT
19. endosulfan sulfate
20. methoxychlor
21. endrin ketone
Organochlorine Pesticides
O
sarin
P
O
warfare agent
F
O
S
P
O
GC
O
Malathion
S
O
O
P
O
O
O
O
O
Malaoxon
S
O
O
O
Organophosphorus Pesticides
2. hexamethylphosphoramide
3. mevinphos
4. trichlorfon
5. TEPP
30. fenthion
6. thionazin (IS)
31. aspon
7. demeton-O
32. parathion-ethyl
8. ethoprop
33. chlorpyrifos
9. tributyl phosphate (SS)
34. trichloronate
10. dicrotophos
35. chlorfenvinphos
11. monocrotophos
36. merphos
12. naled
37. crotoxyphos
13. sulfotepp
38. stirofos
14. phorate
39. tokuthion
15. dimethoate
40. merphos oxidation product
16. demeton-S
41. fensulfothion
17. dioxathion
42. famphur
18. terbufos
43. ethion
19. fonophos
44. bolstar
20. phosphamidon isomer
45. carbophenothion
21. diazinon
46. triphenyl phosphate (IS)
22. disulfoton
47. phosmet
23. phosphamidon
48. EPN
24. dichlorofenthion
49. azinphos-methyl
25. parathion-methyl
50. leptophos
26. chlorpyrifos methyl
51. tri-o-cresyl phosphate
27. ronnel
52. azinphos-ethyl
28. fenitrothion
53. coumaphos
29. malathion
Organophosphorus Pesticides
Oven temp.: 100°C to 180°C @ 10°C/min. (hold 2 min.), to
300°C @ 18°C/min. Inj. / det. temp.: 250°C / 280°C FPD
Solvent: hexane
Pesticides (Carbamates)
Carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate)
Bhopal accident
Methyl isocyanate (MIC)
H3C-N=C=O
HPLC Mobile phase:
UV @220 nm
A: 90:10 water:methanol
B: 90:10 methanol:acetonitrile
1. aldicarb sulfone
2. aldicarb sulfoxide
3. oxamyl
4. methomyl
5. 3-hydroxycarbofuran
6. aldicarb
7. propoxur
8. carbofuran
9. carbaryl
10. methiocarb
11. 4-bromo-3,5dimethylcarbamate
Atrazine
Cl
N
N
H
N
N
N
H
Triazine Herbicides
O
H
O
N
N
N
H
H
O
cyanuric acid
Tear gases:
O
Cl
chloroacetophenone, “tear gas”, “Mace”
Cl
2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, CS gas
CN
CN
Capsaicin , “pepper spray”
HO
O
NH
O
O
O
Yperite
C4H8Cl2S
Carfentanil
N
N
O
chemical warfare agent, has industrial use
potential chemical warfare agent