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PowerPoint® Clicker Questions
prepared by Heather
Williamson Jordan, Ph.D.,
University of Tennessee,
Knoxville
CHAPTER
9
Controlling
Microbial Growth
in the
Environment
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is defined as the removal of ALL microbes
in or on an object?
a)
b)
c)
d)
pasteurization
sterilization
disinfection
sanitizing
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is defined as the removal of ALL microbes
in or on an object?
a)
b)
c)
d)
pasteurization
sterilization
disinfection
sanitizing
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What term applies to the use of heat to
eliminate pathogens and reduce the number of
spoilage-causing microbes from foods and
beverages?
a)
b)
c)
d)
disinfection
degerming
pasteurization
sterilization
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What term applies to the use of heat to
eliminate pathogens and reduce the number of
spoilage-causing microbes from foods and
beverages?
a)
b)
c)
d)
disinfection
degerming
pasteurization
sterilization
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement most accurately describes the
microbial death rate after exposure to a
microbicidal agent?
a) Microbicidal agents do not kill all cells simultaneously.
b) As soon as a population of cells is exposed to a
microbicidal agent, they all die at the same time.
c) Microbicidal agents do not kill microorganisms, but
rather temporarily inhibit their growth.
d) The microbial death rate is not constant.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement most accurately describes the
microbial death rate after exposure to a
microbicidal agent?
a) Microbicidal agents do not kill all cells
simultaneously.
b) As soon as a population of cells is exposed to a
microbicidal agent, they all die at the same time.
c) Microbicidal agents do not kill microorganisms, but
rather temporarily inhibit their growth.
d) The microbial death rate is not constant.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How does the alteration of the cytoplasmic
membrane of a microbe by an antimicrobial
agent lead to cell death?
a) The compromised membrane allows viruses to infect
the cell and the cell dies.
b) The cell fills with water until it bursts.
c) The cell is not able to conjugate.
d) Cellular contents will leak out of the cell, leading to
cell death.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How does the alteration of the cytoplasmic
membrane of a microbe by an antimicrobial
agent lead to cell death?
a) The compromised membrane allows viruses to infect
the cell and the cell dies.
b) The cell fills with water until it bursts.
c) The cell is not able to conjugate.
d) Cellular contents will leak out of the cell, leading
to cell death.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
With a particular sterilization process, it takes
25 minutes to kill all organisms in a sample
containing 100,000 (105) microbes. How long
does it take to eliminate 90% of the organisms
using this process?
a)
b)
c)
d)
5 minutes
25 minutes
10 minutes
105 minutes
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
With a particular sterilization process, it takes
25 minutes to kill all organisms in a sample
containing 100,000 (105) microbes. How long
does it take to eliminate 90% of the organisms
using this process?
a)
b)
c)
d)
5 minutes
25 minutes
10 minutes
105 minutes
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is NOT a quality of an
ideal agent used for controlling microbial
growth?
a)
b)
c)
d)
unsafe for humans
inexpensive
fast-acting
stable
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is NOT a quality of an
ideal agent used for controlling microbial
growth?
a)
b)
c)
d)
unsafe for humans
inexpensive
fast-acting
stable
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Select the appropriate method of microbial
control for surgical instruments.
a)
b)
c)
d)
disinfection
sterilization
pasteurization
degerming
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Select the appropriate method of microbial
control for surgical instruments.
a)
b)
c)
d)
disinfection
sterilization
pasteurization
degerming
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the strategy of medical personnel when
selecting a method of microbial control?
a) Choose the most expensive method because it must
be the best.
b) Always use bleach.
c) Choose the cheapest method.
d) Choose the method that will kill the most resistant
microbes present.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the strategy of medical personnel when
selecting a method of microbial control?
a) Choose the most expensive method because it must
be the best.
b) Always use bleach.
c) Choose the cheapest method.
d) Choose the method that will kill the most resistant
microbes present.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the first thing you should do to control
microbial growth on a surgical instrument that is
covered with blood?
a) Soak the instrument in disinfectant.
b) Immediately immerse the instrument in bleach.
c) Clean the blood off the instrument, then proceed to
sterilize it.
d) Throw away the instrument because it has blood on it.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the first thing you should do to control
microbial growth on a surgical instrument that is
covered with blood?
a) Soak the instrument in disinfectant.
b) Immediately immerse the instrument in bleach.
c) Clean the blood off the instrument, then proceed
to sterilize it.
d) Throw away the instrument because it has blood on it.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which method for evaluating disinfectants can
be used to determine the effectiveness of a
disinfectant against biofilms found on objects in
a health care setting?
a)
b)
c)
d)
phenol coefficient
in-use test
Kelsey-Sykes capacity test
use-dilution test
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which method for evaluating disinfectants can
be used to determine the effectiveness of a
disinfectant against biofilms found on objects in
a health care setting?
a)
b)
c)
d)
phenol coefficient
in-use test
Kelsey-Sykes capacity test
use-dilution test
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is one of the older and more common
means of microbial control?
a)
b)
c)
d)
heat
filtration
radiation
cold
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is one of the older and more common
means of microbial control?
a)
b)
c)
d)
heat
filtration
radiation
cold
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Common methods of using moist heat to control
microbial growth include all but which of the
following?
a)
b)
c)
d)
pasteurization
autoclaving
boiling
incineration
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Common methods of using moist heat to control
microbial growth include all but which of the
following?
a)
b)
c)
d)
pasteurization
autoclaving
boiling
incineration
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Work with moderately hazardous organisms
such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus should be performed in what kind of
laboratory?
a)
b)
c)
d)
BSL-1
BSL-2
BSL-3
BSL-4
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Work with moderately hazardous organisms
such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus should be performed in what kind of
laboratory?
a)
b)
c)
d)
BSL-1
BSL-2
BSL-3
BSL-4
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How is an autoclave able to achieve
temperatures higher than that of boiling water?
a)
b)
c)
d)
by decreasing the volume of liquid
by increasing the pressure
by increasing the time of exposure
Autoclaves cannot reach temperatures higher than
boiling water.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How is an autoclave able to achieve
temperatures higher than that of boiling water?
a)
b)
c)
d)
by decreasing the volume of liquid
by increasing the pressure
by increasing the time of exposure
Autoclaves cannot reach temperatures higher than
boiling water.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following procedures should be
used to sterilize a protein solution?
a)
b)
c)
d)
boiling
autoclaving
filtration
nonionizing radiation
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following procedures should be
used to sterilize a protein solution?
a)
b)
c)
d)
boiling
autoclaving
filtration
nonionizing radiation
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following factors does NOT affect
the action of a chemical agent used to control
microbial growth?
a)
b)
c)
d)
freshness of the chemical
temperature
the agent's storage container
concentration of the chemical
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following factors does NOT affect
the action of a chemical agent used to control
microbial growth?
a)
b)
c)
d)
freshness of the chemical
temperature
the agent's storage container
concentration of the chemical
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why is 70% to 90% alcohol more effective at
denaturing proteins than 100% alcohol?
a) because water is required to denature proteins
b) because 100% alcohol is too flammable
c) because phenol is used to dilute the alcohol and is
more effective
d) 100% alcohol is the most effective.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why is 70% to 90% alcohol more effective at
denaturing proteins than 100% alcohol?
a) because water is required to denature proteins
b) because 100% alcohol is too flammable
c) because phenol is used to dilute the alcohol and is
more effective
d) 100% alcohol is the most effective.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What category of antiseptic is particularly
effective against anaerobic pathogens present
in deep tissue wounds?
a)
b)
c)
d)
halogens
heavy metals
phenolics
oxidizing agents
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What category of antiseptic is particularly
effective against anaerobic pathogens present
in deep tissue wounds?
a)
b)
c)
d)
halogens
heavy metals
phenolics
oxidizing agents
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Surfactants function as microbicidal agents
because they do what to microbes?
a)
b)
c)
d)
lower the surface tension of solvents
inhibit peptide bond formation
prevent mRNA synthesis
prevent synthesis of peptidoglycan
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Surfactants function as microbicidal agents
because they do what to microbes?
a)
b)
c)
d)
lower the surface tension of solvents
inhibit peptide bond formation
prevent mRNA synthesis
prevent synthesis of peptidoglycan
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What category of chemical agents is placed in
the eyes of newborns to prevent blindness
caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
a)
b)
c)
d)
phenols
heavy metals
alcohols
surfactants
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What category of chemical agents is placed in
the eyes of newborns to prevent blindness
caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
a)
b)
c)
d)
phenols
heavy metals
alcohols
surfactants
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Overuse of antimicrobial soap can lead to which
of the following?
a)
b)
c)
d)
increased microbial resistance
decreased microbial resistance
problems with human health
allergies
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Overuse of antimicrobial soap can lead to which
of the following?
a)
b)
c)
d)
increased microbial resistance
decreased microbial resistance
problems with human health
allergies
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the main difference between chemical
agents and antibiotics?
a) Antibiotics are more expensive.
b) Chemical agents are made synthetically and
antibiotics are not.
c) Chemical agents cannot be used on humans.
d) Antibiotics are used to treat disease, while chemical
agents are used for environmental control of
microbes.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the main difference between chemical
agents and antibiotics?
a) Antibiotics are more expensive.
b) Chemical agents are made synthetically and
antibiotics are not.
c) Chemical agents cannot be used on humans.
d) Antibiotics are used to treat disease, while
chemical agents are used for environmental
control of microbes.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements best
describes the use of antimicrobials?
a) Antimicrobials will always be effective at killing
pathogens.
b) Antimicrobials continue to be used sparingly to
prevent increased resistance.
c) Overuse of antimicrobials is selecting for resistant,
highly pathogenic bacteria.
d) Antimicrobials should be used more often than they
are used now.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements best
describes the use of antimicrobials?
a) Antimicrobials will always be effective at killing
pathogens.
b) Antimicrobials continue to be used sparingly to
prevent increased resistance.
c) Overuse of antimicrobials is selecting for
resistant, highly pathogenic bacteria.
d) Antimicrobials should be used more often than they
are used now.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Are antimicrobials ever used outside of the
human body?
a) Yes. They are used in soaps, lotions, and some foods,
to name a few applications.
b) Yes. Antibiotics are aerosolized and released into the
air supply of hospitals.
c) No. They are only taken orally.
d) No. They are only used topically.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Are antimicrobials ever used outside of the
human body?
a) Yes. They are used in soaps, lotions, and some
foods, to name a few applications.
b) Yes. Antibiotics are aerosolized and released into the
air supply of hospitals.
c) No. They are only taken orally.
d) No. They are only used topically.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements is TRUE
regarding Escherichia coli?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Antibiotics always kill E. coli.
New, resistant strains of E. coli have been isolated.
E. coli is unable to become resistant to antibiotics.
E. coli is the only bacterium capable of developing
antibiotic resistance.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements is TRUE
regarding Escherichia coli?
a) Antibiotics always kill E. coli.
b) New, resistant strains of E. coli have been
isolated.
c) E. coli is unable to become resistant to antibiotics.
d) E. coli is the only bacterium capable of developing
antibiotic resistance.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following microorganisms is most
resistant to antimicrobial agents?
a)
b)
c)
d)
bacteria
fungi
prions
viruses
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following microorganisms is most
resistant to antimicrobial agents?
a)
b)
c)
d)
bacteria
fungi
prions
viruses
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.