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Values, Attitudes,
Job Satisfaction,
and
Counterproductive
Work Behaviors
Chapter 6
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2008The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ch. 6 Learning Objectives
1. Explain Schwartz’s value theory and describe three
types of value conflict.
2. Describe the values model of work/family conflict,
and specify at least three practical lessons from
work/family conflict research.
3. Identify the three components of attitudes and
discuss cognitive dissonance.
4. Explain how attitudes affect behavior in terms of
Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior.
6-2
Ch. 6 Learning Objectives
5. Describe the model of organizational commitment.
6. Define the work attitudes of job
involvement/employee engagement and job
satisfaction.
7. Identify and briefly describe five alternative causes
of job satisfaction.
8. Identify eight important correlates/consequences of
job satisfaction, and summarize how each one relates
to job satisfaction.
9. Identify the causes of counterproductive work
behavior and measures to prevent it.
6-3
Your Experience
What was the primary reason you’ve ever
quit a job?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Didn’t like my boss
I wasn’t a fit with the company culture
Better pay somewhere else
More interesting or challenging work
somewhere else
e. I’ve never quit a job
f. Other
6-4
Schwartz’s Value Theory
6-5
Schwartz’s Value Theory
6-6
Value Conflicts
Intrapersonal Value
Conflict
Interpersonal Value
Conflict
Individual-Organizational
Value Conflict
6-7
Test Your Knowledge
Match the types of conflicts with the descriptions below
1.
2.
3.
Intrapersonal Value Conflict
Interpersonal Value Conflict
Individual-Organization Value Conflict
--------------------------------------------------------------------A. I want to be healthy by exercising regularly; I want
to advance my career by working hard and be
involved in my children’s life.
B. I want to be healthy; My organization values
smoking.
C. I want to be honest by reporting company financials
accurately; My coworker values a bonus that would
6-8
come from reporting booked income early.
A Values Model of Work/Family
Conflict
Family
Values
General
Life Values
Value
Similarity
Work/Family
Conflict
Value
Attainment
Job and Life
Satisfaction
Value Congruence
Work Values
6-9
Test Your Knowledge
True or False?
1. Having lots of specific family-friendly programs is
more important than having a family-friendly
culture
2. Work flexibility in terms of when, where and how
employees get their jobs done is essential for
work/life balance.
3. Managers perceived as having higher work-life
balance were rated less promotable.
6-10
Attitudes
Attitude is defined as
“a learned
predisposition to
respond in a
consistently favorable
or unfavorable manner
with respect to a given
object”
How do attitudes
affect our behavior?
6-11
Attitudes
Three components of an attitude
•Affective: feelings or emotions about
an object
•Behavioral: how one intends to act
toward someone or something
•Cognitive: beliefs or ideas one has
about an object
6-12
Test Your Knowledge
Which attitude component is depicted by each
of these statements?
A=Affective, B=Behavioral, or C=Cognitive
a. “I like going to work.”
b. “Working allows me to afford what I need and
want.”
c. “I intend to quit my job.”
d. “Working with my coworkers is frustrating.”
e. “I believe working helps contribute to
society.”
6-13
Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive Dissonance
• Psychological
discomfort
experienced when
attitudes and
behavior are
inconsistent
• How can you
reduce cognitive
dissonance?
6-14
Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior
Attitude
toward the
behavior
Subjective
norm
Intention
Behavior
Perceived
behavioral
control
6-15
Timeline of Work Values and
Attitudes
6-16
Work Attitudes
Organizational Commitment extent to which an
individual identifies with an organization and its
goals
Why does organizational commitment
matter?
6-17
Model of Organizational Commitment
6-18
Test Your Knowledge
Dylan is independently wealthy but works
very hard at his job. He believes in the
values of the company and enjoys devoting
time to accomplishing the company goals.
Dylan most likely has _________.
a. Affective commitment
b. Normative commitment
c. Continuance commitment
6-19
Work Attitudes
Job Involvement extent
to which an individual
is immersed in his or
her personal job
Employee Engagement
is an individual’s
involvement,
satisfaction, and
enthusiasm for work
6-20
Work Attitudes
Job Satisfaction
is an affective or
emotional
response toward
various facets of
one’s job
• Can be satisfied with
some elements of the
job but not others
6-21
Causes of Job Satisfaction
Need
Fulfillment
Disposition/
Genetic
Components
Job
Satisfaction
Equity
Discrepancies
Value
Attainment
6-22
Correlates of Job Satisfaction
6-23