Download The Study of Human Geography

The Study of Human
Geography
Chapter 3 Section 1
Where People Live
• In some areas the population density is
very high while in other areas it is very
low.
• Population Density- the average number of
people in a square mile or a square
kilometer
• What factors lead people to live where
they live?
Possible Answers
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Land
Deserts
Mountains
Bitter cold
Extreme Heat
Fertile Soil
Plenty of water
Good Climate to grow crops
People and Environments
• People adapt to their surroundings.
• But human activity has DRAMATICALLY altered the
earth’s physical landscape.
– EXAMPLES:
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Cutting trees
Grazing animals on wild land
Plowing soils
Damming rivers
Population Density
•Can be measured two ways:
-By a Regions Land Area
Total # of people/ Total Square Miles
-By Arable land (land that can be farmed)
Total # of People/ Total Farmed Land Square Miles
Population Growth
Patterns of Settlement:
Comparing Growth Rates:
•The densest population of people is in four
regions: East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and
Eastern North America.
•World population growth is uneven
•What effects population in a country?
•Many people in these areas live in
metropolitan areas- cities surrounded by
suburbs.
•Different countries have a
different balance b/w birthrates
and death rates.
•Urbanization- the growth of a cities
population, happens everywhere
•Birthrate/Death Rate- The
number of live births or deaths
each year per 1000 people
•Cities are growing twice as fast as rural
areas- countryside towns
The Effects of Growth:
•What could be some effects of population
growth?
•Famine, Disease, Depletion of
Natural resources, Better
Technology, Better Creativity
•Immigrants- people who move
into a country and emigrantspeople who leave a country for
another place
*Birthrate/Immigration Rate=
Death Rate/ Emigration Rate
The Nature of Culture
• Population is also greatly effected by culture.
• As children grow up they become accustomed to
skills, languages, eating customs, and cultural
traits. Then they have children and pass
everything on.
• Culture is both material and nonmaterial.
– Material Culture includes things that people make food,
clothing, architecture, crafts, and technology
– Non-Material Culture includes religion, language,
patterns of behavior, government systems, education
systems, and attitudes toward men and women. Some
place value on the good of the group while others place
value on the good of the individual.
Cultural Hearth- refers to a place where
I important ideas begin and from which they spread to
surrounding cultures.
Give me some examples.
Cultural Landscapes
• Vary also from place to place. Rural south
America is very different from rural
China. Farming equipment is a lot smaller
and less than here in America.
• Although many cultural landscapes are
very similar in cities across the world.
Social Organizations
• Society often takes culture and divides us into many social
organizations to help us work together to meet our basic
needs.
• The smallest social organization is the family.
• Society ranks people and families according to status, based
on what the culture deems important. I.E. Job, money,
education, ancestry, etc..
• In the past, a person was born into a social class and rarely
could move up out of that social class. Today, people can
move up or down in class by hard work or lack there of.
Women and Minorities
• In many cultures, social mobility is
restricted and difficult. People who have
trouble the most are women and
minorities.
• Women in some cultures, are limited and
kept out of the public eye.
• Minorities, such as Jews, Muslims, and
Christians have all suffered in one way or
another by majorities.
Cultural Convergence
• Modern transportation and communication
increase the speed and frequency of cultural
change.
• Cultural Convergence occurs when the skills, arts,
ideas, habits, and institutions of one culture come
in contact with those of another culture.
– Example: The Love of Mexican food in the US.
• Diffusion is the process of one culture element
moving from one group or individual to another.
– Examples: When People move and when goods move
Cultural Divergence
• Cultural Divergence is the restriction of a
culture from outside cultural influences.
• Some governments try to repress cultural
contact and the spread of ideas to seek
control. They control transportation,
acess to newspapers, internet links, and
radio and TV stations.
• Countries who have tried to control
diffusion have had a very hard time.