Download The Progressive Era

US II History | Ms. Burke’s Classroom
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American society was capable of
improvement and continued growth and
advancement
Progress would only occur through human
intervention to solve problems
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“Muckrakers”
 Crusading journalists and writers
 There was a growing emphasis on expertise and
professionalism
 “rejected salvation to focus on filth”
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What else was occurring in the United States
that would encourage this change in the
workforce?
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Yellow Journalism:
 Journalism that is based on sensationalism and
crude exaggeration
 Uses eye-catching headlines to sell more
newspapers / magazines
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Does this still exist today?
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Political Reform
Temperance
Immigration
Business Reform
Women’s Rights
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Municipal Reforms
State Reforms
Maverick Reform Politicians
Growth of Socialism in America
 Eugene V Debs receives 1 million votes in 1912
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16th – federal income tax
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17th – direct election of US Senators
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18th – established Prohibition
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19th – extended the right to vote to white women
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American people of the early 1900s were
used to very little government involvement in
their everyday life
Progressive Era reforms changed that belief
Teddy Roosevelt started expanding the role
of government in regulating the economy
and giving the citizens direct access to the
legislative process
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Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson all
promoted:
 Political Reforms
 Economic Reforms
 Social Reforms
 Moral Reforms
Ran for office 5 times
with the Socialist Party
 Only candidate to run
for office from prison
 Received 1 million
votes in 1912
 Involved with the
Industrial Workers of
the World (IWW or the
Wobblies)
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Women’s Christian Temperance Union
1916 – 19 states had prohibition laws
1919 – 18th Amendment passed (Prohibition)
▪ Repealed in 1933 by the 21st Amendment
▪ Lasted 13 years
▪ Only time in US history where a constitutional
amendment was repealed in its entirety
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First mass organization among women
devoted to social reform
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Great Gatsby Clip
Speakeasy
 “an illicit liquor store or nightclub”
 Disappeared after the end of
Prohibition (generally)
 “so-called because of the practice of speaking
quietly about such a place in public, or when
inside it, so as not to alert the police or neighbors”
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Some operated by the mafia / mob
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Integration
 People of all races would gather in speakeasies
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Women
 More women were getting involved in the
drinking and selling of alcohol
 Speakeasies tried to attract women – before, bars
were a “boy’s club”
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Newer, cheaper liquor was now available
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Culture
 Speakeasies became the symbol of a generation
President from 1901 – 1908
Believed it was his duty to
define the major problems of
the day
 “trust buster”
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Turn to a partner….what do you know about
suffrage?
 Were women “given” the right to vote?
 Suffragette vs Suffragist
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Iron Jawed Angels Clip
Suffragette Clip
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SUFFRAGETTE
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SUFFRAGIST
 Coined in 1906
 Conservative activists
 Used to mock and
 Person who is part of a
disparage militant
suffragists
 “Deeds not words”
 Women took the term
and embraced it
becoming
“suffraGETtes”
 Emmeline Pankhurst
movement to gain the
right to vote
 Also used in black
suffrage, Native
American suffrage etc
 Millicent Fawcett
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A feminist ideal that emerged in the late 19th
century
Had a profound influence on feminism into
the 20th century
 REMEMBER:
20th century
means 1900s!
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Used to describe the
growth in the number
of feminist, educated,
independent career
women in Europe and
the United States
Pushed the limits set
by male-dominated
(patriarchal) society
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1870 – women make up 6.4% of the nonagricultural workforce
1900 – number rises to 10%
1920 – now 13.3% of the workforce are
women!
More women are winning the right to attend
university or college
 Seven Sisters schools
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Before the modern era, the primary method of
birth control was withdrawal or abstinence
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1838:
 Condoms and diaphragms made from vulcanized
rubber
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1873
 Comstock Act BANS all ads, information, and
distribution of birth control (Post Office allowed to
confiscate)
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Birth control activist, sex educator, writer,
nurse
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1916
 Opens the first birth control clinic in the US (NYC)
 In 1917, she is deemed guilty of maintaining a
public nuisance and sentenced to jail for 30 days
 She reopens the same clinic and is continually
rearrested
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Established organizations that evolved into
the Planned Parenthood Federation of
America
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American Birth Control League
 After WWI, Sanger shifted away from radical
politics
 Founded ABCL in 1921
 Believed women should have the power to choose
when they have babies / conceive
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1938
 Ends the Comstock Era
 No more federal ban on birth control!
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1950
 Sanger underwrites the research needed to create
first human birth control pill
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1960
 First oral contraceptive is approved by the FDA
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1965: Griswold v Connecticut
 Married couples are allowed to use birth control
 Unmarried women in 26 states are denied its use
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1970: the Pill
 Feminists challenge the safety of “the Pill” and
the formula was changed
 We have package inserts for prescriptions because
of this!
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1972: Baird v Eisenstadt
 Legalized birth control for all citizens of the
country, regardless of martial status
 Now single women could get birth control!