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Fuel Cells and Hydrogen
Joint Undertaking (FCH JU)
2nd Stakeholders General Assembly
Hydrogen Production and Distribution
Professor Peter P. Edwards
UK Sustainable Hydrogen Energy Consortium (UK-SHEC)
Head of Inorganic Chemistry
University of Oxford
26th October 2009
Hydrogen: First on the Periodic Table
Metallic Hydrogen
Metallic Hydrogen
Hydrogen: The First Alkali Metal
The Hydrogen Economy
P.P.Edwards, V.L.Kuznetsov, W.I.F.David, N.P.Brandon, Energy Policy, 36, (2008), p.4356
The Innovation Landscape
Applied Research
and Development
Research
Demonstration
Pre-competitive
demonstration
and deployment
Market
deployment
Research Councils
Technology Strategy Board
Energy Technologies Institute
Carbon Trust
Environmental Transformation Fund
Market-based mechanisms
Ray Eaton, Assistant Director, Department of Energy & Climate Change
The UK Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Scene
• Strong research base – universities
• Relatively small number of potentially world-class
companies
• Regionally focused activities including
infrastructure development
• UK has been a good source of capital
Ray Eaton, Assistant Director, Department of Energy & Climate Change
Research Base
• SUPERGEN directed programmes in Hydrogen (2) and
Fuel Cells (1)
• Socio-economics is integrated within the work of the
UK Sustainable Hydrogen Consortium (UK-SHEC)
• University spin-off companies
Ray Eaton, Assistant Director, Department of Energy & Climate Change
Some UK Fuel Cell Companies
• Fuel cell developers
– Intelligent Energy (PEM)
– Ceres Power (SOFC)
– Rolls Royce Fuel Cells Ltd (SOFC)
– CMR Fuel Cells (DMFC)
• Component suppliers / Other
– Johnson Matthey (MEAs, catalysts)
– ITM Power (electrolysers)
– Acal (Liquid cathode technology)
Ray Eaton, Assistant Director, Department of Energy & Climate Change
Support for Industrial Research, Development and
Demonstration
• The Technology Strategy
Board supports
industrial research and
development in a wide
range of technologies
through a series of
competitions.
Ray Eaton, Assistant Director, Department of Energy & Climate Change
Regions / Devolved Administrations
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North East – hydrogen and electric vehicle recharging
Midlands – British Midlands Hydrogen Ring
London – London Hydrogen Partnership, buses
Scotland – Aberdeen hydrogen highway
Wales – Renewable Hydrogen Centre
Ray Eaton, Assistant Director, Department of Energy & Climate Change
SUPERGEN Consortia
• Delivery of Sustainable Hydrogen
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14 consortia
£62m support since 2003
Over 40 institutions
Programme finishes 2010-3
H&FC Research at UK Universities
UK-SHEC
University of St Andrews
Newcastle University
University of Sheffield
University of Edinburgh
University of Leeds
University of Nottingham
Heriot Watt University
Loughborough University
University of Glasgow
University of Oxford
Strathclyde University
Rutherford Appleton
Laboratories
University of Ulster
University of Salford
University of East Anglia
University of Manchester
University of Cambridge
University of Liverpool
University of Hertfordshire
University of Birmingham
University College London
University of Warwick
Imperial College London
Swansea University
Queen Mary, University of London
University of Glamorgan
University of Greenwich
Cardiff University
Kingston University
University of Bath
University of Southampton
University of Reading
University of Sussex
University of Surrey
The UK Sustainable Hydrogen Energy Consortium
(UK-SHEC)
Vision
UK-SHEC considers that hydrogen ultimately derived from
renewable sources and used as an energy vector must be
considered as a major component of a sustainable energy
future in the UK and internationally
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Expo 2006
400 Exhibitors: 23,039 Professional Visitors
“There exists the necessity for an epoch-making advance in
new materials for hydrogen storage…. This is the hardest challenge”
Masatami Takimoto
Executive Vice President, Toyota Motor Corporation
Hydrogen Storage:
The Options
R.Helmolt, U.Eberle (General Motors), J. Power Sources, 2007, 165, p.833
The Light Periodic Table
Hydrogen Utilization
P.P.Edwards, V.L.Kuznetsov, Turning Points in Solid-State, Materials and Surface Science, Chapter 4, 2008, RSC Publishing
Hydrogen Storage Utilization
J.Kilner, P.P.Edwards, V.L.Kuznetsov, Materials World, July 2009
Nature Materials, 7 (2), 138 - 141 (2008).
Metal-Organic Framework Materials
X.Lin et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2006, 45, 7358 –7364
Hy StorM
Tuning Promising H2 Storage Materials Towards
Automotive Applications
A Technology Strategy Board
Funded Project
High throughput materials discovery and characterisation
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford University, Ilika, Johnson Matthey
In-situ bulk characterisation
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford University
ISIS
Chemical control of decomposition temperature
(LiK(BH4)2)
(LiK(BH4)2)
LiBH4
E. A. Nickels, M. O. Jones, W. I. F. David, S. R. Johnson, R. L. Lowton, M. Sommariva and P. P. EdwardsAngewandte Chemie Int. Ed., 47 1-4 (2008)
Oxford Energy Cycle
Renewable Energy (all Known Sources)
Electricity - then electrolysis of water
Hydrogen
Sequestered
CO2 + H2
CO + H2O
2H2 + CO
(CH2)n + H2O
Hydrocarbons
Store energy as hydrocarbons
Transport energy as hydrocarbons
Use hydrocarbons as liquid fuels
Hydrocarbons + air
CO2
+ water
NET production of carbon dioxide in ZERO
Professor Malcolm L. H. Green, Professor Peter P. Edwards
Delivery of Sustainable Hydrogen
UK EPSRC Supergen Consortium XIV
1st October 2008 - 2012
• Principle Investigator – Ian Metcalfe (Univ. Newcastle)
• Research Director – John T.S. Irvine (Univ. St. Andrews)
• Project Manager – Martin J. Smith (Univ. St. Andrews)
Delivery of Sustainable Hydrogen
Main focuses:
• Conversion of electrons, hydrocarbons and biomass-derived
fuel sources into hydrogen or indirect hydrogen carriers
• Lower cost and improved efficiency
• Socio-technical impacts
• Technical elements:
• Catalytic and electrocatalytic processes
• Separation membranes – oxide, metal, polymer
• Chemical cycling & CO2 re-use
• Alternative H2 carriers – urea & NH3
• Efficient small scale liquifaction
Oxford: A Chemical Grand Challenge
Turning CO2 into Fuel
The UK Sustainable Hydrogen Energy Consortium