Download What is an adaptation?

12A
Investigate and explain how
internal structures of organisms
have adaptations that allow
specific functions such as gills in
fish, hollow bones in birds, or
xylem in plants.
Notes:
Animal and
Plant
Adaptations!
What is an adaptation?
The structure or behavior that helps an
organism survive in their environment
Animals have certain adaptations
that help them to survive.
Fish
What is it about a
fish that makes it
able to breathe
under water?
Birds
What is it
about a bird
that makes it
able to fly?
Fish Internal Structures
internal structures are parts of living
things found inside and not usually
seen.
Gills
Gills make it possible
for fish to breathe
under water
Internal structures allow fish to survive in their environment!
How do gills work?
First, a fish swallows water
through its mouth.
Then, the water flows over
the gills. The gills extract
oxygen from the water which
passes back out of the fish
beneath the operculum that
covers the gills.
The oxygen is absorbed
through the capillaries into
the blood stream of the fish.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TC-OaxQzRU
What structures
allow birds to fly?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Wings
sternum
flight feathers
hollow bones
Lightweight hollow bones
"flight feathers" are long, strong, and
able to produce lift
Located at the end of the bird “tail
feathers” and end of each wing
Compare bird & mammal BONES
Bird Bone
Mammal Bone
* Bird bones are lightweight and hollow.
* Mammal bones are filled with bone marrow and
are much heavier.
Bird Anatomy
Their entire body inside and out has been
designed for flight.
The biggest muscles a bird has are its
flight muscles.
These are very strong because they
have to raise the entire body into the
air.
Flight Muscles are located under the
Bird’s Sternum and Keel.
Where are these muscles found?
Compare
Bird Sternum & Keel
Human Sternum
Internal plant structures
Xylem-System of tubes in a plant that transport water and
dissolved minerals.
The xylem distributes the
water throughout the plant.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLLe5Bw8evY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGCnuXxbZGk
Xylem