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Electrical Energy 1. Define closed circuit. A closed circuit is a circuit that allows electrons to pass through the circuit. 2. Identify the part of an electric circuit in which electrical energy is changed into other useful forms of energy. The light globe in a circuit changes the electrical energy into light. 3. Explain why metals are better conductors than nonmetals. Because most non-metals are insulators and most metals are conductors, so the metals are better because they are conductors. 4. Explain why a 50-watt globe glows more brightly than a 25-watt globe. Because a 50-watt globe lets a higher amount of voltage and current pass through it. 5. Identify what takes place inside a battery to cause an electrical current to flow. When a device is connected to a battery it causes a chemical reaction that generates electrical energy. This is known as an electrochemical reaction. 6. Outline why lithium-ion batteries are commonly used in laptops and mobile phones. The lithium-ion batteries are used because they provide 3.6 Volts, more than twice the standard AA Alkaline battery and yet they are compact and rechargeable. Hence, they are commonly used in laptops and mobile phones. 7. Explain why it is important to have circuit symbols that are recognised by scientists and electricians around the world. Circuit diagrams are used to communicate the type of electric components included in a circuit and how those components are arranged in the circuit. In circuit diagrams, internationally accepted symbols are used to represent each circuit component. Straight lines are used to represent the wire leads connecting the components. 8. Identify which of the following arrangements will allow the globe to light up. A, because both wires are connected to the outlet of the globe, allowing the electrical energy to pass through. 9. a) If the filament of globe A breaks, do globes B and C remain lit or do they stop working? They would remain lit because there are two circuits, with globe A only in the first, so the current would go around A and head to B and C. b) If the filament of globe B breaks, which globe or globes (if any) remain lit? Only A would remain lit because it is a different circuit to B and C. c) If the filament of C breaks which would stay alight? Only A would remain lit because it is a different circuit to B and C.