Download Joints Ankle joint

Joints
Ankle joint

The fibula and tibia form a socket for the
upper part of the body of talus:

Roof of socket: inferior surface of distal end
of tibia.

Medial side of socket: medial malleolus of
tibia.

Longer lateral side of socket: lateral
malleolus of fibula.
Medial ligament
Lateral ligament
Medial ligament (Deltoid ligament)

Medial ligament consists of 4 parts:

Tibionavicular part.

Tibiocalcaneal part.

Posterior tibiotalar part.

Anterior tibiotalar part.
Lateral ligament

Lateral ligament consists of 3 ligaments:

Anterior talofibular ligament.

Posterior talofibular ligament.

Calcaneofibular ligament.
Intertarsal joints

They have the following functions:

Inversion and eversion.

Pronation and supination.

Transverse tarsal joint.
Subtalar joint

It is between:

Posterior calcaneal facet on inferior surface
of talus.

Posterior talar facet on superior surface of
calcaneus.

Lateral talocalcaneal ligament.

Medial talocalcaneal ligament.

Posterior talocalcaneal ligament.

Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament.
Talocalcaneonavicular joint

The parts of talocalcaneonavicular joint are:

Anterior and middle calcaneal facets on
inferior surface of talar head.

Anterior and middle talar facets on superior
surface and sustentaculum tali of the
calcaneus.
Ligaments

Posteriorly: interosseous talocalcaneal
ligament.

Superiorly: talonavicular ligament.

Inferiorly: plantar calcaneonavicular
ligament (spring ligament).

Bifurcate ligament: is a Y-shaped ligament
superior to the joint.

Base: attached to anterior aspect of superior
surface of calcaneus.

Arms: attached to:
Dorsomedial surface of cuboid
(calcaneocuboid ligament).
Dorsolateral part of navicular
(calcaneonavicular ligament).



Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament.
Calcaneocuboid joint

It is between:

Anterior surface of calcaneus.

Posterior surface of cuboid.
Ligaments

Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament.

Long plantar ligament:

Posteriorly: attached to inferior surface of
calcaneus.

Anteriorly: attached to inferior surface of
cuboid.
Tarsometatarsal joints
Metatarsophalangeal joints

Collateral ligaments.

Plantar ligaments.
Deep transverse metatarsal ligaments
Interphalangeal joints


Collateral ligaments.
Plantar ligaments.
Tarsal tunnel

It is formed by:

Medial malleolus of tibia, medial and
posterior surfaces of talus, medial surface of
calcaneus, and inferior surface of
sustentaculum tali of calcaneus.

An overlying flexor retinaculum.
Flexor retinaculum
Posterior tibial pulse
Extensor retinacula


Superior extensor retinaculum.
Inferior extensor retinaculum.
Fibular retinacula
(Peroneal retinacula)


Superior peroneal retinaculum.
Inferior peroneal retinaculum.
Arches of the foot
Longitudinal arch
Transverse arch
Ligament and muscle support









Ligaments that support the arches:
Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament.
Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament.
Long plantar ligament.
Plantar aponeurosis.
Muscles that support the arches:
Tibialis anterior.
Tibialis posterior.
Peroneus longus.
Plantar aponeurosis
Fibrous sheaths of toes
Extensor hoods