Download Final Exam Review

Final Exam Review
Multiple Choice Section
Review Day 1
1. Which of the following is NOT one of the main
areas of Earth Science?
A. Geology
B. Oceanography
C. Astrology
D. Astronomy
2. What is the study of the atmosphere and the
processes that produce weather and climate?
A. Oceanography
B. Geology
C. Meteorology
D. Astronomy
3. The outer planets-Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune-are made up of _____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hydrogen, helium, water
Iron, nickel, carbon dioxide
Carbon, oxygen, methane
Water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane
1. The crust and uppermost mantle make up the
rigid outer layer of Earth called the _______.
A. Geosphere
B. Asthenosphere
C. Lithosphere
D. Lower Mantle
2. The distance, measured in degrees, north and
south of the equator is referred to as _____.
A. Longitude
B. Latitude
C. The Prime Meridian
D. The Poles
3. Differences in elevation are best shown using
a _______.
A. Mercator Projector
B. Gnomonic Projection Map
C. Robinson Projection Map
D. Topographic Map
Review Day 2
1.
Earth is considered a system because all of its pieces
_________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
Which of the following is NOT caused by human
interactions with the Earth system?
A.
B.
3.
Represent separate closed systems
Interact
Were formed at the same time
Are powered by the same energy sources
Air pollution
C. Mountain building
Water pollution D. Deforestation
A scientific hypothesis can become a theory if
________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The entire scientific community accepts it
The hypothesis is tested extensively and competing
hypothesis are eliminated
There are no other competing hypotheses
The hypothesis can be tested at least once
1. Which of the following is NOT one of the eight
most common elements in Earth’s continental
crust?
A. Carbon
B. Silicon
C. Oxygen
D. Aluminum
2. The central region of an atom is called the
__________.
A. Proton
B. Electron
C. Nucleus
D. Neutron
3. When two or more elements bond together in
definite proportions, they form a(n)
__________.
A. Ion
B. Atom
C. Nucleus
D. Compound
Review Day 3
1. A mineral that contains carbon, oxygen, and
the metallic element magnesium would be
classified as a(n) ______.
A. Silicate
B. Oxide
C. Carbonate
D. Sulfate
2. All the minerals in the sulfate and sulfide group
contains what element?
A. Silicon
B. Sulfur
C. Oxygen
D. Carbon
3. Which of the following properties is generally
the least useful in identifying minerals?
A. Hardness
B. Streak
C. Cleavage
D. Luster
1. The appearances or quality of light reflected
from the surface of a mineral is called _____.
A. Streak
B. Color
C. Cleavage
D. Luster
2. The color of the powdered form of a mineral is
called _____.
A. Cleavage
B. Streak
C. Luster
D. Fracture
3. Mohs scale is used to determine what property
of minerals?
A. Cleavage
B. Density
C. Hardness
D. Luster
Review Day 4
1. What determines the properties of a mineral?
A. Size and shape
B. Composition and age
C. Composition and structure
D. Structure and size
2. The three groups of rocks are classified by ______.
A. Color
C. Chemical composition
B. Grain size
D. How they formed
3. What type of rocks are formed by processes powered
by the sun?
A. Metamorphic rocks
C. Igneous rocks
B. Sedimentary rocks
D. None
1.
Which of the following is an example of an extrusive igneous
rock?
A. Rhyolite
C. Andesite
B. Granite
D. Coal
2. A rock that forms from cooling lava is classified as an
_________.
A. Intrusive Ign.
C. Extrusive Ign.
B. Extrusive Meta.
D. Intrusive Volcanic
3. Which of the following represents the correct order of the
processes involved in sedimentary rock formation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, deposition
Compaction, cementation, deposition, weathering, erosion
Deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion, weathering
Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation
Review Day 5
1. Fossils are only found in ____.
A. Intrusive Ign.
B. Foliated Met.
C. Sedimentary
D. Nonfoliated Met.
2. Renewable resources _____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Can be replenished over time
Are all living resources
Have finite supplies that will one day be used up
Include iron, natural gas, and copper
3. Which of the following energy resource might
replace dwindling petroleum supplies one day?
A. Coal and natural gas
tar sands
B. Tar sands and uranium
C. Oil shale and
D. Wind and coal
1. Which of the following is a problem associated
with the increased use of nuclear energy?
A. Cost of building safe nuclear facilities
B. Major hazards involved in waste disposal
C. Concern over the possibility of a serious nuclear
accident
D. All of the above
2. It is estimated that, in the future, wind energy
could produce what % of the nations demand
for electricity?
A. 80-85%
B. 5-10%
C. 70-75%
D. 25-30%
3. Wind power generates _____.
A. Noise pollution
B. Air pollution
C. Water pollution
D. Soil pollution
Review Day 6
1.
What amount of Earth’s total water supply is usable
fresh water?
A.
B.
2.
The Clean Water Act ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
25%
C. 50%
Less than 1% D. 75%
Requires pollution control devices on cars and power plants
Established National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Set max. containment levels for pollutants in drinking water
Required industries to reduce/eliminate point source pollution
Which of the following weathering processes involves
the constant freezing and thawing of water?
A.
B.
Unloading
Frost wedging
C. exfoliation
D. spheroidal weathering
1. What type of mechanical weathering is
most common in mountainous regions in
the middle latitudes?
A. Frost wedging
B. Biological activity
C. Oxidation
D. Unloading
2. Which of the following is NOT a major
component of soil?
A. Mineral matter
B. Air
C. Humus
D. Earthworms
3. A soil’s texture is determined by _____.
A. Mineral composition
B. Type of Humus
C. Water content
D. Particle size
Review Day 7
1. The main source of organic matter in soil is _____.
A. Water
B. Plants
C. Fungi
D. Bacteria
2. Which of the following human activities has caused
an increase in soil erosion?
A. Clear-cut logging
C. Plowing land for farming
B. Clearing land for construction
D. all the above
3. What is the force behind mass movements?
A. The Sun’s energy
B. Flowing water
C. Gravity
D. Moving ice
1. Icebergs are produced when large pieces of
ice break off from the front of a glacier during a
process called ______.
A. Wastage
B. Plucking
C. Accumulation
D. Calving
2. One characteristic of glacial movement is that
____.
A. All glaciers, regardless of size, move at about the
same rate
B. New snowfall accumulates at the bottom of the
glacier
C. The zone of wasting is at the top of the glacier
D. The movement depends on the balance between
accumulation and wastage
3. What is the zone above the snowline on a
glacier called? Zone of ______
A. Accumulation
B. Melting
C. Wasting
D. Crevasses
Review Day 8
1.
Which of the following statements is NOT true about
weathering in deserts?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
Deflation affected the Dust Bowl in the 1930’s by ____.
A.
B.
3.
Most weathering in deserts is physical weathering
There are this soils in deserts
The red color of soil and rocks in deserts is caused by chemical
weathering
There is no chemical weathering in deserts
Lowering the land
C. Building up sand dunes
Creating rock pinnaclesD. Depositing sand/gravel
How does wind transport sand grains?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mainly as part of the suspended load
By saltation as part of the bed load
Wind transports sand grains only during dust storms
Equal quantities are transported suspended in the air as bed load
1. Windblown silt that blankets a landscape is
called ____.
A. Blowout
B. Sand dune
C. Desert pavement
D. Loess
2. An earthquake’s magnitude is a measure of
the ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Size of seismic waves it produces
Amount of shaking it produces
Number of surface waves it produces
Damage it causes
3. The amount of shaking produced by an
earthquake at a given location is called the
____.
A. Intensity
B. Magnitude
C. Epicenter
D. Richter magnitude
Review Day 9
1. What layers of Earth make up the lithosphere?
A. Crust/lower mantle C. Continental/ocean crust
B. Crust/upper manlte D. upper/lower mantle
2. Earth’s thin, rocky outer layer is its ____.
A. Core
B. Mantle
C. Outer Core
D. Crust
3. The Moho is ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The boundary between the outer/inner core
Boundary between the crust and mantle
The material of which the mantle is composed
An area of the mantle that will not transmit seismic waves
1. Most of the information about Earths interior
was obtained by studying ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Earthquake waves
Rocks of the ocean crust
Meteorites
Rocks in deep welts
2. Earth’s inner core is solid because of ____.
A. Its composition
B. Diameter
C. Temperatures
D. Pressure
3. The greatest concentration of metals occurs in
Earth’s _____.
A. Oceanic crust
B. Continental crust
C. Core
D. Mantle
Review Day 10
1. An example of a geologic event that could be
recorded in rocks is ___.
A. Civil war
B. Sun spots
C. Volcanic eruption
D. Lunar Eclipse
2. The geological processes that shape Earth’s
features today ____.
A. Basically the same
B. Much different
C. did not operate in the past
D. became important recently
3. Fossils are the ___.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Oldest layers of rock in a region
Remains or traces of prehistoric life
Living creatures with habitats in rock
Objects that people of long ago left behind
1. Organisms with hard parts stand a good
chance of being fossilized if they are ___.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rapidly decomposed by bacteria
Slowly buried by sediments
Rapidly eaten by scavengers
Rapidly buried by sediments
2. The task of using fossils to match up rocks of
similar ages in different areas is called ____.
A. Succession
B. Correlation
C. Geology
D. Fossilization
3. When did abundant fossil evidence appear in
the geologic record?
A. 2.7 billion years ago
B. 1 billion years ago
C. 540 million years ago
D. 100 billion years ago
Review Day 11
1. How old is Earth? ______ years old
A. 2 billion
B. 4.6 million
C. 16 million
D. 4.56 billion
2. Which span of geologic time spans cover
about 88% of Earth’s history?
A. Cenozoic
B. Mesozoic
C. Paleozoic
D. Precambrian
3. Some continents contain large core
areas of Precambrian rocks called ____.
A. Plates
B. Rifts
C. Plateaus
D. Shields
1. Which of the following gases was NOT part of
Earth’s original atmosphere?
A. Water vapor
B. Oxygen
C. Nitrogen
D. Carbon dioxide
2. Which era immediately follows the
Precambrian?
A. Paleozoic
B. Mesozoic
C. Cenozoic
D. Tertiary
3. When did abundant fossil evidence 1st appear
in the geologic record? _____ years ago
A. 5 billion
B. 540 million
C. 300 million
D. 3 billion
Review Day 12
1. What important event in animal evolution
marks the beginning of the Cambrian?
A. Appearance of hard parts
C. ability to swim
B. Ability to fly
D. Appearance of fossils
2. What event may have triggered the great
Paleozoic extinction?
A. Climatic change
B. Meteorite strike
C. changes in Earth’s orbit
D. Heightened solar activity
3. The current geologic period is called the
_____.
A. Mesozoic
B. Tertiary
C. Quaternary
D. Silurian
1. What caused many events of mountain
building, volcanism, and earthquakes in
western N. America?
A. Plate interactions
B. Extinctions
C. Glaciers
D. Meteor collisions
2. Mammals became dominant only after ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Continental glaciers retreated
Dinosaurs became extinct
Inland seas dried up
The Cenozoic Era ended
3. Approximately how much of the Earth’s
surface is covered by land?
A. 30 %
B. 50 %
C. 60 %
D. 70 %
Review Day 13
1. Approximately when did the ocean become an
important area of study?
A. 200 years ago
B. 500 years ago
C. 1000 years ago
D. 2000 years ago
2. Which of the following is NOT considered one
of the 4 major oceans?
A. Atlantic
B. Pacific
C. Indian
D. Antarctic
3. What technology do scientists use to measure
ocean depth?
A. Sonar
B. Laser
C. Rope
D. Submersible
Final Exam Cards
• Final Exam Study Cards are due on Friday
January 15, 2009 along with all the
questions you copied.
• No copied questions – No study card for
test!!!!!!!
• The Final Exam will be posted online on
Wed. January 13 from 3pm-midnight. After
then you will not be able to access it. This
is in case you missed any days of class.