Download Cellular Structures KEY File

Plant cell
Animal cell
Animal cells and plant cells have many of the same organelles.
Chloroplast
Location
Structure and Function
Within the
cytoplasm
Contains it’s own DNA (circular) and ribosomes,
interior contains grana - stacks of thylakoids
The site of photosynthesis in the membranes of
the thylakoid.
Present in plant
cells
Y
Present in
animals
No
Visible under
light microscope
Yes
Mitochondrion
Present in
plant cells
Location
Structure and Function
In cytoplasm
as discrete
organelle
Rod shaped, contain their own
DNA(circular), folded inner membrane
called cristae
Site of cellular respiration (ATP
formation occurs in the membrane of
the cristae)
Text
Text
Y
Present in
animals
Y
Visible under light microscope
Not with most standard
school LM, but can be
seen using high quality
, high power LM
Nucleus
Location
Structure and Function
Present in plant
cells
Discrete
organelle,
position is
variable
Surrounded by a double membrane: nuclear
envelope. NE has pores for transport to the
cytoplasm
Yes
The control center of the cell, the site of the
nuclear material (DNA). Protects DNA from
other chemical processes in the cytoplasm
Present in
animals
Yes
Visible under
light microscope
Yes
Ribosome
Location
Structure and Function
Present in plant
cells
Free in cytoplasm or bound to rough
ER
Structure: made of 2 subunits,
both subunits made of proteins
and RNA
Yes
Function: Synthesize polypeptides
that are made into proteins
Present in
animals
Yes
Visible under
light microscope
No
Endoplasmic reticulum (in this case rough ER)
Location
Structure and Function
Present in plant
cells
Penetrates the
whole
cytoplasm
Structure: Folded membrane that surrounds
the nucleus. rER is membrane with ribsomes
attached - sER has no ribosomes attached
Yes
Function: Involved in the transport of
materials (eg proteins) within the cell and
between the cell and its surroundings
Present in
animals
Yes
Visible under
light
microscope
No
Golgi apparatus
Location
Structure and Function
In cytoplasm associated
with the smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
Structure: stack of flattened, membranebound sacs forming an extensive network
in the cell.
Function: Final modification of proteins
and lipids. Sorting and storage for use in
the cell or packaging molecules for export
Present in
plant cells
Yes
Present in
animals
Yes
Visible under light
microscope
Not with most
standard school LM,
but can be seen using
high quality , high
power LM
Lysosome
Location
Structure and Function
Free in
cytoplasm
Structure: Membrane bound
sacs filled with digestive
hydrolytic enzymes.
Present in plant cells
Yes, but variably (vacuoles may
have lysosomal functions in some
plant cells)
Function: Ingests and destroys
foreign material.
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120067/bio01.swf::Lysosomes
Present in
animals
Yes
Visible under
light microscope
No
Vacuole (this one is a food vacuole)
Location
Structure and Function
Present in plant
cells
In cytoplasm
Plants: vacuole (often only one) is a large
fluid filled structure.
Yes, as a
large
structure
Animal: vacuoles are smaller and more
numerous
Plants: involved in storage of water and
support (turgor).
Animals: and are involved in storage (of
food, wastes, and toxins)
Present in
animals
Yes,
smaller
more
numerous
Visible under
light microscope
Yes in
plant cells
No in
animal
cells
Centrioles
Location
Structure and Function
In cytoplasm, Structure: Comprised of
usually next microtubules
to the nucleus Function: assembles microtubules
that aid in cell division (probably in
the organization of spindle fibers)
and organelle movement in the cell
Present in plant
cells
Variably
(absent in
higher
plants)
Present in
animals
Yes
Visible under
light microscope
No
Cilia and flagella (in some eukaryotic cells)
Location
Function
Anchored in the
cell membrane and
extending outside
the cell
Structure: cilia: hair like
growths on the outside of
the cell, flagella: long
whip like tail on the outside
of a cell
Function: Motility
Present in plant cells
No
Present in animals
Yes
Visible under light
microscope
Variably (depends on
magnification and
preparation of
material)
Cellulose cell wall
Location
Structure and Function
Surrounds the cell Structure: crisscrossing cellulose fibers
and lies outside the
plasma membrane
Function: Provides rigidity and strength, and
supports the cell against changes in tugor
Present in plant
cells
Yes
Present in
animals
No
Visible under
light microscope
Yes
A typical plant cell
Plant cells have a cell
wall and
chloroplasts.
The cell wall
surrounds the cell
and gives it support
and protection. The
cell wall is very rigid
and firm.
The chloroplast uses
sunlight to
manufacture food.
A typical
animal cell
Animal cells do
not have
chloroplasts or
cell walls.
Difference between
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
DNA in a ring
DNA with proteins as
chromosomes
DNA free in cytoplasm
DNA enclosed in nucleus
no membrane bound
organelles (i.e. mitochondria)
membrane bound organelles
(i.e. mitochondria)
70S ribosomes
80S ribosomes
less than 10 micrometers
larger than 10 micrometers
Difference between
Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Animal Cells
outer cell wall
no cell wall
chloroplasts
no chloroplasts
large, centrally located
vacuoles
small or not present
no centrioles
centrioles in centrosome area
fixed angular shape (due to
cell wall)
flexible and likely rounded
Extracellular Components - Plant Cells
•Cell Wall
–maintain shape
–prevents too much
water uptake
–turgor pressure
(holds plant upright)
Extracellular Components - Animal Cells
•Extracellular
matrix
–collagen fibers &
glycoproteins
–support, adhesion
and migration and
cell
communication
–involved in stem
cell differentiation
In Multicellular organisms…
Cell: Every cell contains the DNA for the entire organism but each cell
will express only some of the genes and will therefore specialize for a
specific task.
Ex; muscle cell
Tissue: In multicellular organisms, a group of cells that work together
are called a tissue.
Ex; muscle tissue
Organ: Tissues organize in various combinations to form organs that perform
more complex roles within the organism.
Ex; stomach
Organ systems: Multiple organs that work together form an organ system.
Ex; digestive system
Emergent Properties
• those qualities that some things have that exist because
of their parts working together
• the individual parts don’t have on their own
• qualities can only be displayed by the combination of
the parts interacting with each other
• “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”