Download Biotechnology Final Exam review - Environmental


Darwin natural selection

characteristics to being
"alive"

Hierarchical organization in living organisms

atoms.

oxidation./reduction.
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bonding
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Water molecules polarity

four most abundant atoms found in living things?
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hydrolysis/ dehydration
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DNA molecules.

nucleotides.
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macromolecule
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Carbohydrates formed of structural units called .
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Proteins formed of structural units called

Lipids contain .

glucose.
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Proteins primary structure.
secondary structure.
tertiary structure.quaternary structure.

Denaturation, of proteins

lysosomes.

nucleus.

central vacuole.

organelles.
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Golgi complex.

mitochondria.
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active transport.
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phospholipid molecules.

membrane protein that extends through the phospholipid bilayer

.
diffusion..

isotonic. hypertonic. hypotonic.
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Osmosis
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enzymes.

Enzymes substrates

ATP.

Enzymes activation energy.

glycolytic reactions take place in the

The first stage of cellular respiration, and the oldest in terms of evolution is

fermentation.

Chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by

sequence concerning glucose catabolism.
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CO2 are incorporated into organic molecules in a series of dark reactions called


.thylakoids.

the electron donor for the light dependent reaction is

photons.

The Calvin cycle requires

haploid.diploid.

The physical distribution of cytoplasmic material into the two daughter

sequence of cell-cycle phases

The primary growth phase of a cell

The first stage of mitosis

The chromosomes line up at the equator of the spindle during

Meiosis consists of how many rounds of nuclear division?

synapsis.

zygote.

centromere.

crossing over.

Homozygous/ heterozygous

Recessive/ dominant.

genotype./phenotype.

Test cross

Simple dihybrid mendel crosses

Drosophila sex linked white eye

Thomas Morgan.

.
nondisjunction.

Barr bodies

DNA consists of two antiparallel strands of nucleotide chains held together by

DNA

.
conservative method.semiconservative method.
DNA polymerase.
DNA gyrase.
DNA helicase.

DNA primase

component of nucleic acids

The reading of the bases along the length of a nucleic acid molecule for either transcription or
translation is done from the

phosphodiester bond.

Chargaff's rules

Watson and Crick.
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Okazaki fragments.

ribosomes.

mRNA molecules.
tRNA molecules.

translation.
transcription.

codon/anti codon

endonuclease.

Restriction enzymes recognize DNA sequences that are

macrophages.

vaccinations.

antibodies.

Histamine and prostaglandins are called

passive immunity.

endothermic./ectothermic.

.
B. a nephron.

glomerulus

reabsorbed in the nephron

The kidneys are important homeostatic organs, contributing to the stability of

Muscles contraction and details of

E. actinomyosin.

The area of the cerebral hemisphere important for the interpretation and the formulation of
thoughts into speech is called

The central and peripheral nervous systems in the vertebrates is comprised of
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axons.

neurons.

synapse.

the sodium-potassium pump

The region of the brain that integrates visceral activities, body temperature, and heartbeat is the
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closed circulatory system open system

arteries.
arterioles. capillaries.
venules.
veins.

interstitial fluid.